重庆市主城区大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响

发布时间：2018-06-08 14:02

本文选题：空气污染 + 呼吸系统疾病　；参考：《中国当代儿科杂志》2017年04期

【摘要】：目的了解重庆市主城区大气污染对学龄儿童呼吸系统健康的影响。方法根据2010~2015年重庆市环保局网站的大气污染数据划分重庆市主城区为污染区和清洁区。按照整群抽样的方法,选择分别位于清洁区、污染区的2所小学3~4年级的儿童共695人为研究对象,其中清洁区313名,污染区382名。对两区儿童进行肺功能检测,并采用美国流行病学标准问卷(AST-DLD-78-C)对两区儿童呼吸系统疾病和症状发生情况进行调查。结果在春夏秋冬四个季节污染区环境大气污染物可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))、细颗粒物(PM_(2.5))、氮氧化物(NO_X)浓度均高于清洁区(P0.05)。运用多因素logistic回归模型控制混杂因素后,污染区儿童咳嗽(OR=1.644)、感冒时咳嗽(OR=1.596)、感冒时咯痰(OR=2.196)、持续性咯痰(OR=1.802)、喘鸣(OR=2.415)的发生的危险性高于清洁区儿童(P0.05)。清洁区女童和男童的用力肺活量、1 s用力呼气容积均高于污染区(P0.05)。结论重庆市主城区大气污染与学龄儿童一些呼吸系统症状的发生增加有关,并对儿童肺功能有一定的影响。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the effects of air pollution on respiratory health of school-aged children in Chongqing. Methods according to the air pollution data from the website of Chongqing Environmental Protection Bureau from 2010 to 2015, the main urban area of Chongqing was divided into polluted area and clean area. According to the method of cluster sampling, 695 children in grade 3 and grade 4 of 2 primary schools in clean area and polluted area were selected as subjects, 313 in clean area and 382 in polluted area. The pulmonary function of children in the two districts was tested, and the incidence of respiratory diseases and symptoms of children in the two districts was investigated by AST-DLD-78-C (American Epidemiological Standard questionnaire). Results in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter, the concentrations of inhalable particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PMSP) and nitrous oxide (NOX) in polluted areas were higher than those in clean areas (P 0.05). After using multivariate logistic regression model to control confounding factors, the risk of children in polluted area was higher than that of children in clean area (P < 0.01). The risk of children coughing OR1. 644, coughing OR1. 596 when colds, sputum in colds 2.196, persistent sputum OR1. 802 and wheezing OR2. 415) was higher than that of children in clean area (P < 0. 05) after using multivariate logistic regression model to control confounding factors. The forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume of girls and boys in clean area were higher than those in polluted area. Conclusion the air pollution in the main urban area of Chongqing is related to the increase of respiratory symptoms in school-age children, and has a certain effect on the pulmonary function of children.
【作者单位】：重庆医科大学公共卫生与管理学院;重庆市疾病预防控制中心;澳大利亚昆士兰大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(81502777) 重庆市科委自然科学基金计划资助项目(cstc2015jcyj A10032) 重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ1400231) 重庆市卫生计生委科研项目(20142109) 重庆市渝中区科技计划项目(20130126)
【分类号】：R725.6

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