220例极低出生体重儿医院感染的临床分析
发布时间:2018-07-21 20:36
【摘要】:目的:探讨新生儿重症监护室中极低出生体重儿(Very Low BirthWeight Infant,VLBWI)医院感染的流行病学情况、临床特点及危险因素,为防治VLBWI医院感染提供依据。 方法:对重庆医科大学新生儿重症监护室2010年1月至2011年12月间收治,出生体质量<1500g、住院时间>48h的220例VLBWI医院感染的情况进行回顾性分析。记录性别、胎龄、出生体质量等一般情况及医院感染的临床表现、病原学、侵入性操作、抗感染治疗、转归等临床资料,SPSS19.0软件包进行统计学分析。根据是否发生医院感染,分为感染组、未感染组,探讨VLBWI医院感染的危险因素,提出防控策略。 结果: 1.共220例VLBWI纳入研究,感染组88例,未感染组132例。88例VLBWI发生医院感染共125例次,平均每例感染1.4次(125/88),医院感染率40.0%(88/220),与住院时间相关的医院感染率19.5‰(125/6420*1000‰)。 2.非特异性感染指标白细胞计数异常、体温异常、C反应蛋白增高、血小板计数降低和I/T升高在感染组的阳性率分别为47.7%、44.3%、40.9%、36.4%、19.3%,均高于未感染组且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 3.125例次医院感染中69.3%发生于入院3周以内,疾病/定位包括:呼吸道感染83例次(66.4%),消化道感染19例次(15.2%),败血症15例次(12.0%)及其他部位感染8例次(6.4%)。 4.从131份痰液、血液等标本中培养分离病原菌108株,其中细菌97株,均为革兰阴性菌,多为耐药菌,真菌11株,敏感菌为主。革兰阴性菌β-内酰胺酶检测阳性率100.0%,对青霉素类、头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率88.3%~97.9%,对喹诺酮类、碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药率30%。 5.研究中VLBWI抗生素使用强度3.65,感染组抗生素使用强度3.76,非感染组抗生素使用强度2.32。感染组单一VLBWI抗生素消耗量(1.67±1.21)g/DDD值,,非感染组单一VLBWI抗生素消耗量(0.62±0.50)g/DDD值,差异有统计学意义(t=8.927,P=0.000)。 6.感染组住院时间(44.38±25.98)天,未感染组住院时间(19.05±15.29)天,差异有统计学意义(t=8.242,P=0.000)。感染组的放弃/死亡率38.6%(34/88),非感染组的放弃/死亡率37.1%(49/132),差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.052,P=0.820)。 7. Logistic回归分析表明,住院时间>28天、机械通气时间>72小时和脂肪乳使用>14天是VLBWI医院感染的独立危险因素;接收者工作曲线的曲线下面积0.830,SE=0.029,P=0.000,95%CI [0.774~0.887],模型的拟合较好。 结论: 1. VLBWI医院感染率高,以呼吸道感染为主,明显延长患儿住院时间,增加抗生素使用强度和抗生素消耗量。 2. VLBWI医院感染病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,对青霉素类、头孢菌素类抗生素耐药率高,对喹诺酮类、碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药率较低。 3.临床工作中应采取有效措施,力求缩短住院时间、机械通气时间和脂肪乳使用时间,减少医院感染的发生。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of very low birthweight infantation-VLBWI infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. Methods: from January 2010 to December 2011, 220 cases of VLBWI nosocomial infection with birth weight < 1500g and hospital stay longer than 48 hours were retrospectively analyzed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chongqing Medical University. The clinical data such as sex, gestational age, birth weight, nosocomial infection, etiology, invasive operation, antiinfective therapy and prognosis were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0 software package. According to whether nosocomial infection occurs, it is divided into infected group and uninfected group. The risk factors of nosocomial infection on VLBWI are discussed, and the prevention and control strategies are put forward. Results: 1. A total of 220 cases of VLBWI were included in the study. There were 88 cases in the infection group and 132 cases in the uninfected group. There were 125 cases of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. The average infection rate was 1.4 times (125 / 88), the nosocomial infection rate was 40.0% (88 / 220), and the nosocomial infection rate was 19.5 鈥
本文编号:2136785
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and risk factors of very low birthweight infantation-VLBWI infection in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) so as to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. Methods: from January 2010 to December 2011, 220 cases of VLBWI nosocomial infection with birth weight < 1500g and hospital stay longer than 48 hours were retrospectively analyzed in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Chongqing Medical University. The clinical data such as sex, gestational age, birth weight, nosocomial infection, etiology, invasive operation, antiinfective therapy and prognosis were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS 19.0 software package. According to whether nosocomial infection occurs, it is divided into infected group and uninfected group. The risk factors of nosocomial infection on VLBWI are discussed, and the prevention and control strategies are put forward. Results: 1. A total of 220 cases of VLBWI were included in the study. There were 88 cases in the infection group and 132 cases in the uninfected group. There were 125 cases of nosocomial infection on VLBWI. The average infection rate was 1.4 times (125 / 88), the nosocomial infection rate was 40.0% (88 / 220), and the nosocomial infection rate was 19.5 鈥
本文编号:2136785
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