安徽省合肥地区7～18岁中小学生身高分布特点及矮小症检出率调查

发布时间：2018-08-05 19:49

【摘要】：目的研究合肥地区7~18岁中小学生身高分布特点及矮小症检出率,以评估该地中小学生生长发育情况,为相关卫生政策的制定提供依据,为进一步分析矮身材病因及提出干预措施作参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在合肥地区5个区、县内共抽取12所中小学校,对其中3593名7~18岁学生的身高进行标准测量。分析不同人口学特征的身高分布特点,同时与该地2010年中小学生身高数据对比,并以2009年依据九省/市儿童体格发育调查数据制定的生长曲线图为身高标准进行评价,分析该地区矮小症检出率。结果1、研究人群中身高特点为男性高于女性。男性身高增长以7~15岁较为明显,12岁后身高增长速度加快,15岁后增幅减小;女性身高增长在7~14岁较为明显,10岁后增长加快,14岁后增幅减小。其中7~9岁男生平均身高高于女生1.4~1.6cm(P0.05);10~12岁之间男女平均身高无明显差异(P0.05);13~18岁男女平均身高呈逐渐增大趋势,差异在4.2~13.1cm之间(P0.001);7~11岁及15~16岁城市学生身高高于乡村学生在2.7~4.9cm之间(P0.05);12~14及17~18岁城乡学生身高无明显差异(P值均0.05)。2、合肥地区2014年各年龄组的平均身高较2010年普遍呈增长趋势。从性别角度来看,2014年男生平均身高在8~15岁及17~18岁高于2010年2.1~4.7cm,(P0.001),但7岁及16岁男生平均身高两年无明显差异(P值分别为0.083及0.891,均0.05);女生2014年平均身高在7~17岁年龄段均较2010年增高,范围在1.0~3.1cm之间(P0.05),但18岁女生平均身高差异无统计学意义(P=0.2750.05)。从城乡角度来看,2014年较2010年城市学生平均身高在7~16岁年龄段均呈增长趋势,增长范围在1.3~4.0cm之间(P值均0.05),而17~18岁无明显差异;2014年较2010年乡村学生各年龄段平均身高,除16岁(P=0.0900.05)外,均呈增长趋势,增长范围为1.7~5.1cm之间(P0.05)。3、合肥地区中小学生矮小症总体检出率为2.62%;从城乡来看,城区检出率为1.76%,乡村为3.43%,城区检出率低于乡村(χ2=9.793,P=0.0020.05);从性别来看,男生检出率为2.60%,女生为2.64%,男女检出率之间无统计学差异(χ2=0.006,P=0.9370.05)。从年龄别来看,7~18岁各年龄别矮身材检出率在1.12%~4.17%之间。小学组与中学组的整体矮身材检出率无统计学差异(χ2=0.214,P=0.6440.05)。结论1.从本次调查可以看出,合肥地区儿童青少年男女身高生长曲线在7-9岁和13-18岁两个阶段呈现出男高女低,10-12岁年龄段男女无明显差异的特点。另一个特点是城市学生平均身高普遍高于乡村。除外12岁,7~11岁小学组学生身高的城乡差异更为显著(3.3~4.9cm);而13~18岁中学组学生身高的城乡差异则不太明显,仅15和16岁城市高于乡村。2014年各年龄组学生身高普遍高于2010年。2.2014年合肥地区共收集参与调查学生3593名,筛出矮小学生94名,矮小症总体检出率为2.62%,其中男性矮小症检出率为2.60%;女性矮小症检出率为2.64%;城区矮小症检出率为1.76%;乡村矮小症检出率为3.43%。矮小症检出率的人口学特征为:乡村矮小症检出率高于城区,男女无明显差异,小学组与中学组矮小症检出率差异无统计学意义。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the characteristics of the height distribution and the detection rate of dwarfism for primary and middle school students aged 7~18 years in Hefei, in order to evaluate the growth and development of primary and middle school students in this area, to provide the basis for the formulation of relevant health policies, to further analyze the cause of short stature and to put forward the intervention measures. Methods the stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted in the 5 Hefei area. In the District, 12 primary and secondary schools were selected to measure the height of 3593 7~18 years old students. The height distribution characteristics of different demographic characteristics were analyzed. At the same time, the height data of the primary and secondary school students in 2010 were compared with the height data of the children's physical development in the nine provinces / cities in 2009. 1, the height characteristic of the study group was male higher than that of the female. The height growth of the male was more than that of the female. The height growth of male was 7~15 years old, the growth rate of height was accelerated after 12 years of age, and the growth rate decreased after 15 years of age; the growth of female height at the age of 7~14 was more obvious. The increase of height after 10 years was accelerated and the increase after 14 years was reduced. Male students of the age of 14 years of age were increased. The average height was higher than the female 1.4~1.6cm (P0.05); the average height of men and women was no significant difference between 10~12 years (P0.05); the average height of men and women at the age of 13~18 was gradually increasing, the difference was between 4.2~13.1cm (P0.001); the height of urban students at the age of 7~11 and 15~16 was higher than that of the rural students in the 2.7~4.9cm (P0.05); the height of the students in both the 12~14 and the urban and rural students was not clear. The difference (P value is 0.05).2, the average height of all age groups in Hefei area in 2014 is generally higher than that in 2010. From the gender perspective, the average height of boys in 2014 is higher than that in 2010 2.1~4.7cm, (P0.001), but the average height of boys at the age of 7 and 16 years is not significantly different (P value is 0.083 and 0.891, 0.05, respectively); The average height of birth in 2014 was higher in 7~17 years than in 2010, and the range was between 1.0~3.1cm (P0.05), but the average height difference of 18 year old girls was not statistically significant (P=0.2750.05). From the perspective of urban and rural, the average height of urban students in 2010 was higher in 7~16 years than in 2010, and the range of growth was between 1.3~4.0cm (P value was 0). 5), and there was no obvious difference in 17~18 years. In 2014, the average height of each age group of rural students in 2010, except 16 years old (P=0.0900.05), showed a growing trend, the growth range was between 1.7~5.1cm (P0.05).3, the total physical examination rate of small and middle school students in Hefei area was 2.62%; from the town township, the urban detection rate was 1.76%, the rural area was 3.43%, and the urban detection rate was low. In the country (chi 2=9.793, P=0.0020.05), from the gender point of view, the detection rate of boys was 2.60%, girls were 2.64%, there was no statistical difference between male and female (x 2=0.006, P=0.9370.05). From the age group, the detection rate of short stature of all ages at the age of 7~18 was 1.12%~4.17%. There was no statistical difference between the small study group and the middle school group (chi square 2=). 0.214, P=0.6440.05). Conclusion 1. from this survey, we can see that the height growth curve of boys and girls in Hefei region shows a low male and female height growth curve at the age of 7-9 and 13-18 years, and there is no obvious difference between men and women at the age of 10-12 years. The other is that the average height of the city students is generally higher than that in the countryside. Except for 12 years old, the primary school group of 7~11 years old. The difference between the urban and rural areas of the students' height is more significant (3.3~4.9cm), while the difference in height between the urban and rural areas of the students in the middle school group of 13~18 years old is not very obvious. The height of the 15 and 16 year old cities is higher than that of the rural.2014 years, and the height of the students is generally higher than that of 3593 students in the Hefei area of the year.2.2014 in 2010, and 94 of the dwarf pupils are screened out, and the total detection of the dwarfism is generally detected. The rate of male dwarfism was 2.62%, in which the detection rate of male dwarfism was 2.60%, the detection rate of dwarfism in women was 2.64%, and the detection rate of dwarfism in urban area was 1.76%. The demographic characteristics of the detection rate of 3.43%. dwarfism in rural small dwarfism were: the detection rate of rural dwarfism was higher than that in the urban area, and there was no significant difference between men and women. There was no difference in the detection rate of dwarfism between the primary and middle school groups. Statistical significance.
【学位授予单位】：安徽医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R725.8

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