儿童急性中毒住院病人的10年临床回顾及分析
发布时间:2018-09-03 15:50
【摘要】:急性中毒是儿童常见的危重急症,儿童时期是处于不断生长发育的特殊阶段,儿童急性中毒有着较成人不同的特点。蜂蜇伤是儿童急性中毒的一个组成部分,儿童严重蜂蜇临床表现及预后较差。本研究包括以下两部分: 第一部分儿童急性中毒住院病人的10年临床回顾及分析 目的 回顾性分析近十年来重庆医科大学附属儿童医院急性中毒住院患儿的病例资料,分析临床特点、中毒途径、中毒原因和变化规律及治疗转归情况,以期对急性中毒患儿诊断与预防有一定作用。 方法 回顾性分析我院近十年住院的急性中毒住院资料,分析急性中毒原因、中毒途径及变迁情况。分析不同年龄段、不同来源患儿在中毒原因和中毒途径上的区别,,并分析急性中毒的主要临床表现、治疗情况及转归。 结果 儿童急性中毒多见于1-4岁患儿(50.02%),男女性别无统计学差别。药物中毒(26.07%)为主要的中毒原因,后依次为食物中毒(19.50%)、动物毒(16.92%)及农药中毒(14.73%)。近5年,药物中毒上升至首要中毒原因,主要发生于≤3岁患儿(P<0.001),以神经精神类药物中毒为主(32.06%)。来自城镇患儿药物中毒多于农村患儿(P<0.001)。农村患儿动物毒、农药中毒及鼠药中毒明显多于城镇患儿(P<0.001、P<0.001、P<0.05)。<1岁组(41.82%)、1-3岁组(35.59%)、3-6岁组(29.73%)主要中毒原因为药物中毒,6-12岁组、>12岁组患儿主要中毒原因分别为食物中毒(29.20%)、农药中毒(27.27%)。误服毒物为儿童急性中毒的主要中毒途径,占53.44%。自服毒物患儿平均年龄为11.93±1.59岁,大多来自农村(62.5%)。急性中毒临床表现主要有消化道症状(42.89%)、神经系统症状(31.74%)、呼吸道症状(11.14%),少数出现肾功能衰竭(4.47%)。经治疗后,有效443例(40.08%),好转519例(51.64%),未愈29例(2.89%),死亡14例(1.39%)。结论:儿童急性中毒原因和途径因儿童年龄和来源而异。青少年自服中毒需引起社会重视。进一步强调药物保存和管理和急性中毒的安全宣传教育,全社会的共同关注是预防儿童急性中毒的关键。 第二部分儿童严重蜂蛰伤血液净化治疗疗效与预后分析 目的 分析血液净化治疗儿童严重蜂蛰伤疗效及严重蜂蛰伤预后因素,以进一步指导临床治疗。 方法 对比分析不同蜂蜇伤数目患儿的临床表现、预后状况及血液净化治疗疗效差异。 结果 30例严重蜂蜇伤患儿中,蛰伤数目>10处的患儿临床表现重,易引起多器官功能损害,预后较蛰伤数目≤10处患儿差(P<0.05)。应用血液透析或血液透析联合血液灌流的综合治疗方法可不同程度改善其预后(P<0.001)。结论 儿童蜂蜇伤疾病程度与蜂蜇伤数目有关,重症主要致肾脏、心肌、 肝脏损伤。蛰伤数目>10处患儿的临床症状重、预后较差。血液净化是较好的治疗手段,早期予血液透析联合血液灌流治疗可明显改善严重蜂蜇伤的预后。
[Abstract]:Acute poisoning is a common critical emergency in children, and it is in a special stage of continuous growth and development in childhood. Acute poisoning in children has different characteristics than that in adults. Bee sting is a component of acute poisoning in children. The clinical manifestations and prognosis of severe bee sting in children are poor. This study consists of the following two parts: the first part is the clinical review and analysis of children with acute poisoning in the past 10 years. Objective to review and analyze the affiliated infants of Chongqing Medical University in the past ten years. Cases of hospitalized children with acute poisoning in children's hospitals, The clinical characteristics, the ways of poisoning, the causes and changes of poisoning and the outcome of treatment were analyzed in order to be helpful to the diagnosis and prevention of acute poisoning in children. Methods the clinical data of acute poisoning in our hospital in recent ten years were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes, ways and changes of acute poisoning were analyzed. The main clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of acute poisoning were analyzed. Results Acute poisoning was more common in children aged 1-4 (50.02%), and there was no statistical difference between male and female. Drug poisoning (26.07%) was the main cause of poisoning, followed by food poisoning (19.50%), animal poisoning (16.92%) and pesticide poisoning (14.73%). In recent 5 years, drug poisoning increased to the leading cause of poisoning, mainly in children 鈮
本文编号:2220445
[Abstract]:Acute poisoning is a common critical emergency in children, and it is in a special stage of continuous growth and development in childhood. Acute poisoning in children has different characteristics than that in adults. Bee sting is a component of acute poisoning in children. The clinical manifestations and prognosis of severe bee sting in children are poor. This study consists of the following two parts: the first part is the clinical review and analysis of children with acute poisoning in the past 10 years. Objective to review and analyze the affiliated infants of Chongqing Medical University in the past ten years. Cases of hospitalized children with acute poisoning in children's hospitals, The clinical characteristics, the ways of poisoning, the causes and changes of poisoning and the outcome of treatment were analyzed in order to be helpful to the diagnosis and prevention of acute poisoning in children. Methods the clinical data of acute poisoning in our hospital in recent ten years were analyzed retrospectively, and the causes, ways and changes of acute poisoning were analyzed. The main clinical manifestations, treatment and outcome of acute poisoning were analyzed. Results Acute poisoning was more common in children aged 1-4 (50.02%), and there was no statistical difference between male and female. Drug poisoning (26.07%) was the main cause of poisoning, followed by food poisoning (19.50%), animal poisoning (16.92%) and pesticide poisoning (14.73%). In recent 5 years, drug poisoning increased to the leading cause of poisoning, mainly in children 鈮
本文编号:2220445
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