重庆市主城区0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率调查及相关危险因素分析

发布时间：2019-07-06 11:38

【摘要】：第一部分：重庆市主城区0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率调查 目的：了解重庆市主城区0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率及临床特点,为今后更有效地进行儿童哮喘防治工作提供科学依据； 方法：(1)采用整群随机抽样在重庆市主城区抽取0-14岁儿童12000名；(2)通过填写儿童哮喘与过敏性疾病初筛表对12000名0-14岁儿童进行调查,筛选出可疑哮喘儿童；(3)对可疑哮喘儿童进行病史询问、体格检查、肺功能检查、食物过敏原检查进行确诊,填写哮喘儿童调查表。 结果：(1)重庆市0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率为4.46%,以0-7岁儿童患病率较高；其中男孩哮喘患病率4.93%,女孩哮喘患病率3.93%,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)；(2)哮喘急性发作诱因最常见的为呼吸道感染；(3)44.49%哮喘患儿合并过敏性鼻炎；(4)在哮喘急性发作时,全身用糖皮质激素使用为36.56%；β2受体激动剂使用率为62.85%,茶碱使用率为31.15%,高达83.63%的哮喘患儿使用抗生素；在哮喘长期防治过程中：仅48.31%的哮喘使用吸入激素,抗白三烯药物使用率为24.80%；抗过敏药物使用率为26.64%；脱敏治疗、免疫调节剂、中药以及峰流速仪使用率分别为2.57%,8.30%,27.89%,6.56%； 结论：(1)重庆市0-14岁儿童哮喘患病率较2000年增加约39.82； (2)哮喘最常见的急性发病诱因为呼吸道感染； (3)在哮喘防治过中,仍存在不规范治疗的问题。 第二部分：重庆市主城区0-14岁儿童哮喘相关危险因素分析 目的：通过病例对照研究,分析影响重庆主城区儿童哮喘的相关危险因素。 方法：通过问卷调查方式,调查270例哮喘儿童和正常儿童,分析影响哮喘发病的暴露因素。 结果：单因素Logistic回归分析,包括家族过敏史、过敏性鼻炎、食物过敏、妊娠情况、生产情况、添加蛋白质辅食、房子装修、墙面材料、家具材料、卧室门窗材料、室内通风、室内有无霉斑、家庭中吸烟情况等因素与儿童哮喘发病相关；多因素Logistic回归分析显示,一级亲属哮喘史·(回归系数为2.4231)、二级亲属哮喘史(回归系数为1.6544)、过敏性鼻炎(回归系数为2.5507)、早产(回归系数为1.6378)为哮喘儿童患病的危险因素,而墙面材料使用壁纸(回归系数为-2.1331)和卧室门窗材料使用塑钢(回归系数为-1.4301)为哮喘儿童患病的保护因素。 结论：(1)家族哮喘史、过敏性鼻炎、早产是儿童哮喘危险因素； (2)在进行室内装修时,选择环保材料并保持通风可能会使重庆市主城区儿童哮喘患病率降低。
[Abstract]:The first part: investigation on the prevalence rate of asthma among children aged 0 / 14 in the main urban area of Chongqing objective: to understand the prevalence and clinical characteristics of asthma in children aged 14 years old in the main urban area of Chongqing, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of asthma in children in the future. Methods: (1) 12000 children aged 0 to 14 years old were selected by cluster random sampling in the main urban area of Chongqing. (2) 12000 children with asthma and allergic diseases were investigated by filling out the initial screening form for asthma and allergic diseases, and 12000 children with suspected asthma were screened out. (3) the children with suspected asthma were diagnosed by medical history inquiry, physical examination, pulmonary function test and food allergen test, and the questionnaire of asthma children was filled out. Results: (1) the prevalence rate of asthma was 4.46% in children aged 14 years old in Chongqing, and 4.93% in boys and 3.93% in girls, the most common inducement of acute attack of asthma was respiratory tract infection, (3) 44.49% of children with asthma were complicated with allergic rhinitis, and the prevalence of asthma was 3.93% in boys and 3.93% in girls, the most common inducement of acute attack of asthma was respiratory tract infection, (3) 44.49% of children with asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis, and 4.93% of children with asthma had allergic rhinitis. (4) in the acute attack of asthma, the use of glucocorticoid, 尾 2 receptor agonist, theophylline and antibiotics were 36.56%, 62.85%, 31.15% and 83.63%, respectively. In the long-term prevention and treatment of asthma, only 48.31% of asthma were treated with inhaled hormone, the use rate of antileukotriene was 24.80%, and the utilization rate of antiallergic drugs was 26.64%. The utilization rates of desensitization, immunomodulator, traditional Chinese medicine and peak velocimeter were 2.57%, 8.30%, 27.89% and 6.56% respectively. Conclusion: (1) the prevalence rate of asthma in Chongqing children aged 0 鈮，

本文编号：2510979