早产儿矫正年龄1岁时神经发育特征分析

发布时间：2019-08-07 08:08

【摘要】：目的分析早产儿1岁时神经发育水平及并发症所致的影响,为改善神经发育预后提供资料。方法以住院治疗早产儿为研究对象,采集出生胎龄、出生体重与并发症等资料,应用Bayley婴幼儿发展量表评估神经发育水平。早产儿按胎龄、出生体重及有无某种并发症分组,统计各组智力发展指数(MDI)、精神运动发展指数(PDI)及神经发育等级构成。结果矫正年龄1岁时,早期早产儿组MDI、PDI均数均显著低于晚期早产儿组(P0.05),智力、精神运动发育迟滞率均显著高于晚期早产儿组(P0.01)。低出生体重儿组MDI、PDI均数均显著低于正常出生体重儿组(P0.01),智力、精神运动发育迟滞率均显著高于正常出生体重儿组(P0.01)。有高胆红素血症、出生窒息、呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)早产儿MDI、PDI均数分别显著低于无此类并发症者(P0.05)。结论胎龄越小、出生体重越低的早产儿智力和运动发育水平越差、发育迟滞率越高。引起早产儿神经发育损害的主要并发症可能是高胆红素血症、出生窒息和NRDS。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the level of nerve development and the influence of complications in premature infants at the age of 1 year, and to provide data for improving the prognosis of nerve development. Methods the data of gestational age, birth weight and complications were collected and the neurodevelopmental level was evaluated by Bayley infant development scale. Premature infants were divided into two groups according to gestational age, birth weight and complications. The mental development index (MDI),) psychomotor development index (PDI) and neurodevelopmental grade of each group were counted. Results at the corrected age of 1 year, the mean number of MDI,PDI in the early birth group was significantly lower than that in the late early birth group (P 0.05), and the intelligence and psychomotor retardation rate was significantly higher than that in the late early birth group (P 0.01). The mean number of MDI,PDI in low birth weight group was significantly lower than that in normal birth weight group (P 0.01). The rate of mental retardation and psychomotor retardation in low birth weight group was significantly higher than that in normal birth weight group (P 0.01). The mean number of MDI,PDI in premature infants with hypercholinemia, birth asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome was significantly lower than that without such complications (P 0.05). Conclusion the younger the gestational age, the worse the intelligence and motor development level and the higher the rate of developmental retardation in premature infants with lower birth weight. The main complications of neurodevelopmental damage in premature infants may be hypercholinemia, birth asphyxia and NRDS..
【作者单位】：长沙市妇幼保健院儿童保健科;
【基金】：湖南省科技厅科研课题(2013FJ3065)
【分类号】：R722.6

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