医学相控阵超声内镜接收与处理系统的研究

发布时间：2018-06-10 13:58

本文选题：超声内镜 + 相控阵　；参考：《天津大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：医学超声内镜将微型超声探头置于电子内镜前端,既能通过电子内镜观察到消化道组织表面的形态,也能通过超声扫描观察到组织的内部断层信息,提高了消化道病变的确诊率。具有无损伤、无辐射、诊断效果好和重复性高等优点,应用前景广阔。相控阵超声内镜相对于传统的机械环扫超声内镜,具有成像质量高,探头使用寿命长,可引导穿刺手术等优点,因此本文在课题组机械环扫超声内镜成像系统研究的基础上,设计了医学相控阵超声内镜成像系统方案,完成多路超声回波的串行模拟接收系统和基于FPGA的数字处理系统。本文的主要工作有:1.制定相控阵超声内镜接收与处理系统方案。模拟接收系统串行接收16路超声回波信号,以FPGA为核心的数字处理系统将16路信号进行数字波束合成,再经数字信号处理后通过USB2.0接口上传到计算机,实时显示超声扫描图像。2.设计模拟接收电路。实现超声回波信号的模拟接收与处理,包括限幅、选通、滤波和放大等功能。3.研究数字波束合成技术,设计高延时精度的动态逐点聚焦高性能数字波束合成器,以提高相控阵超声成像质量。4.设计基于FPGA的数字处理程序。实现数字波束合成、正交解调、数字滤波、对数压缩和坐标变换等数字信号处理及USB2.0数据传输控制,完成计算机实时显示应用程序设计。5.搭建相控阵超声内镜实验系统,进行接收回波实验和扫描成像实验,验证模拟接收电路与数字处理系统的有效性和正确性。
[Abstract]:Medical ultrasound endoscopes place miniature ultrasound probes on the front end of electronic endoscopes, which can not only observe the shape of the digestive tract tissue surface through the electronic endoscopy, but also observe the information of the internal sections of the tissue through ultrasound scanning. The diagnosis rate of digestive tract diseases was improved. It has the advantages of no damage, no radiation, good diagnostic effect and high repeatability. Compared with the traditional mechanical loop scan ultrasound endoscopy, phased array ultrasound endoscopy has the advantages of high imaging quality, long service life of the probe, and can guide puncture surgery. Therefore, this paper is based on the research of mechanical loop scan ultrasound endoscopic imaging system in our research group. A medical phased array ultrasonic endoscopic imaging system is designed to complete the serial analog receiving system of multi-channel ultrasonic echo and the digital processing system based on FPGA. The main work of this paper is: 1. To establish a phased array endoscopic receiving and processing system. The analog receiving system receives 16 ultrasonic echo signals serially, and the digital processing system based on FPGA synthesizes the 16 channels signals by digital beam synthesis, then uploads them to the computer through USB2.0 interface after digital signal processing, and displays the ultrasonic scanning image .2. in real time. The analog receiving circuit is designed. To realize the analog receiving and processing of ultrasonic echo signal, including limiting, gating, filtering and amplifying functions. In order to improve the ultrasonic imaging quality of phased array, the digital beam synthesizer with high delay precision and dynamic point-by-point focusing and high performance digital beam synthesizer is studied. Design a digital processing program based on FPGA. Digital signal processing, such as digital beam synthesis, quadrature demodulation, digital filtering, logarithmic compression and coordinate transformation, and USB2.0 data transmission control are realized. A phased array ultrasonic endoscope experiment system was built to verify the validity and correctness of analog receiving circuit and digital processing system.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R445.1

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