分子遗传学技术在枫糖尿病和多发畸形中的应用研究
发布时间:2018-01-20 22:01
本文关键词: 目标基因捕获 大规模平行测序 非侵入性产前测试 单基因疾病 枫糖尿病 多发畸形 染色体核型分析 微阵列比较基因组杂交 出处:《中国人民解放军医学院》2014年博士论文 论文类型:学位论文
【摘要】:目的: 大规模平行基因测序联合非侵入性产前检测的方法,用于辅助单基因疾病-枫糖尿病的临床诊断,对已感染的家庭进行目标测序,为单基因病的非侵入性产前测试,,提供了一种新的有潜力一站式检测方法。将微阵列比较基因组杂交技术的研究,用于多发畸形胎儿的分子遗传学分析,并探讨其在辅助常规染色体核型分析中的价值。 材料与方法: 1、大规模平行基因测序联合非侵入性产前检测用于枫糖尿病的临床研究 选取曾生育过一个枫糖尿病患儿的家庭为研究对象,运用目标大规模平行基因组测序技术,对先证者及父母的潜在突变进行了分析。为了验证大规模平行目标测序获得的数据,对家庭所有成员的样本进行了实时PCR和Sanger测序。妊娠13周时从母体血浆中分离出胎儿游离DNA,运用目标性大规模平行基因组测序技术进行致病基因的检测。基于一家三口获得的遗传信息,构建了父母的单体型。胎儿的基因型是来自于父母的四种可能的遗传合谱。母体基因型中每一种混合状态的可能性和不同胎儿混合态,都由母体血浆的各种单核苷酸多态性计算得到。从父母单体型获得的连锁关系,建立了隐马尔可夫模型,考虑到单核苷酸多态性标记的状态和亲代重组信息。通过以上策略,则胎儿的基因型和单体型可以通过一站式获得。在妊娠19周时通过侵袭性手段获得羊水用于产前遗传诊断测试。在提取DNA后,用实时PCR和Sanger测序对目标变异进行了验证。再经仔细测试后的咨询,夫妻双方最终决定终止妊娠。获得了流产胎儿的肌肉组织,并且经实时PCR和Sanger测序验证。 2、比较基因组杂交技术在多发畸形中的临床应用 选择2010年2月至2013年5月,在解放军总医院产前诊断中心,超声诊断为胎儿全身多发畸形妊娠妇女31例,孕妇年龄20-37岁,孕周21-27周。经知情同意后在超声引导下行羊膜腔穿刺获取带有胎儿遗传物质的样本(羊水或脐血),再进行常规染色体核型分析和微阵列比较基因组杂交检测,初步探讨以上两项新技术在胎儿多发畸形分子遗传学检测中的价值和临床意义。 结果: 1、目标区大规模平行基因测序首次在中国的3人家庭中实施,他们可疑拥有一个枫糖尿病孩子,在父母和先证者中进行鉴别,找出潜在而可能引起疾病的变异。在先证者中鉴定出了BCKDHA基因的新突变:一个新的大量复制(Ex2_4dup),来源于父亲在这个位点的杂合复制,一个新的错义突变(c.392AG),来源于母亲在这个位点的杂合复制。我们以此三人家庭的测序数据为基础,构建了亲代单体型,与母体血浆的测序数据相结合,又构建了胎儿单体型,且高准确性地鉴定出来源于父母双方的相关突变。结果显示胎儿遗传了2-4号外显子的杂合复制和BCKDHA基因的新的错义突变(c.392AG),与先证者相同,由此表明他也是枫糖尿病患者。 2、31例多胎畸形脐血样本,均进行了G显带染色体核型分析,其中4例培养失败,1例无核分裂相。培养成功的26例中染色体核型分析正常的有23例,异常3例,核型异常率为11.54%(3/26),核型结果分别为47,xx,t(11;22(q23;q11),+der(22)t(22;11)(q11;23);47,XN,+13;47,XN,+18。31例样本均成功完成了微阵列比较基因组检测,其中有4例未发现致病性染色体缺失/重复,21例发现了微缺失和微重复,但均为染色体多态性,不具有致病性。6例检查异常,异常检查率19.35%(6/31),与染色体核型分析的符合率为100%。其中2例为XO,1例为18三体,2例为13三体,1例为11号染色体长臂存在重复18.21Mb和22号染色体长臂存在重复3.16Mb。 结论: 1、这是在对目标区大规模平行基因测序联合非侵入性检测后直接应用于临床实践的首次报道。开发了一项产前辅助单体型检测新方法,也是对胎儿基因型进行非侵入性检测的创新。我们的研究显示基于大量平行测序的策略具有很大的潜力,在未来,可将此法能用于单基因疾病的临床诊断。 2、非整倍体异常是多发畸形发生的重要原因,因而对超声提示胎儿结构异常,特别是对多发畸形胎儿,进行细胞遗传学检测相当必要,直接有益于明确畸形病因和指导下一次妊娠。微阵列比较基因组杂交技术具有高分辨、广泛覆盖的优势,不但可以辅助常规的染色体核型分析,还可用于染色体异常的检测。一方面弥补了培养失败和细胞活力不够无法进行检测的缺陷,另一方面,能从亚显微结构发现缺失和重复,对于畸形原因的分析和解释提供了重要的依据。 3、对于中期引产胎儿组织检测证实以上方法是准确而有较高临床价值。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Massively parallel sequencing method combined with non invasive prenatal testing, to help the clinical diagnosis of single gene diseases - Maple diabetes, target sequencing of infected families, single gene disease non invasive prenatal testing, provides a new potential one-stop testing method. Research on comparative genomic technology hybridization microarray, molecular genetic analysis for multiple malformations of the fetus, and to explore the auxiliary conventional chromosome analysis in value.
Materials and methods:
1, large scale parallel gene sequencing and non invasive prenatal detection in the clinical study of maple diabetes
Select a Feng who had given birth to families of children with diabetes as the research object, using massively parallel DNA sequencing technology, the potential mutation in the proband and his parents were analyzed. In order to verify the massively parallel sequencing target data obtained for all members of the family of samples of real time PCR and Sanger sequencing. At 13 weeks gestation isolated from maternal plasma fetal DNA were detected using the target genes of massively parallel DNA sequencing technology. The genetic information of a family of three was based on the constructed haplotype parents. Fetal genotype is four possible inherited from their parents. The combined spectrum of maternal genotype in each possibility a mixed state and different fetal mixed state, by all kinds of single nucleotide polymorphisms in maternal plasma is calculated. The linkage between the haplotypes obtained from parents, a hidden The Markov model, considering the single nucleotide polymorphism status and parental recombination information. Based on the above method, then fetal genotype and haplotype can be obtained by one stop. At 19 weeks of gestation by invasive means for amniotic fluid prenatal genetic diagnosis test. In the extraction of DNA, using real-time PCR and Sanger sequencing the target mutation was verified. After carefully tested after consultation, the couple finally decided to terminate the pregnancy abortion. Fetal muscle tissue was obtained, and the real time PCR and Sanger sequencing.
2, the clinical application of comparative genomic hybridization in multiple malformations
From February 2010 to May 2013, in the prenatal diagnosis center of PLA General Hospital, ultrasound diagnosis for fetal systemic multiple malformation 31 cases of pregnant women, pregnant women aged 20-37 years old, 21-27 weeks of gestation. After informed consent in ultrasound-guided amniocentesis obtained with fetal genetic material samples (amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood), then conventional karyotyping and microarray comparative genomic hybridization, and clinical significance of preliminary study of more than two new techniques in molecular genetics detection of fetal deformities in value.
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