饮食习惯对广东地区孕妇血糖的影响

发布时间：2018-05-06 23:15

本文选题：妊娠糖尿病 + 食物频率调查问卷　；参考：《南方医科大学学报》2015年05期

【摘要】：目的探索广东地区的饮食结构及特点与妊娠糖尿病发生的关系,帮助该地区育龄妇女选择有益于健康的行为和生活方式,从而降低孕期并发症的发生。方法采用食物频率调查问卷对571名进行口服葡萄糖筛查试验(OGTT)的妊娠妇女进行饮食习惯及营养摄入情况调查。结果 539名被调查对象(有效问卷539份),其中69名孕妇被诊断为妊娠糖尿病患者;470名为非妊娠糖尿病孕妇。与非妊娠糖尿病孕妇相比,妊娠糖尿病患者孕前体质指数明显增加,孕期体质量增长更多,且年龄更大,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。与非妊娠糖尿病孕妇相比,妊娠糖尿病患者膳食纤维的摄入量较少,差异显著,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组孕妇高能量密度食物(广东特色点心)及高糖、高GI水果(广东热带水果)的摄入量差异明显,具有统计学意义(P0.05)。被调查539名孕妇的蛋白质和膳食纤维的日均摄入量明显低于中国居民孕中期妇女的推荐摄入量水平,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多元回归方程分析妊娠糖尿病的相关危险因素显示,孕前体质指数较高、孕期体质量增长过多、糖尿病家族史、孕期摄入过多高密度能量食物和高糖、高GI水果均为妊娠糖尿病发生的危险因素。结论广东地区孕妇的膳食营养结构不合理,膳食摄入习惯与中国居民孕中期的膳食指南要求存在较大的差距。该地区人群喜食甜食和常选用广东特色食物,过多摄入广东甜点及高糖、高GI水果与妊娠糖尿病的发生有明显相关性。
[Abstract]:Objective to explore the relationship between dietary structure and gestational diabetes mellitus in Guangdong, and to help women of childbearing age to choose healthy behaviors and lifestyle, so as to reduce the incidence of complications during pregnancy. Methods the dietary habits and nutritional intake of 571 pregnant women with oral glucose screening test (OGTT) were investigated by food frequency questionnaire. Results 539 subjects (539 valid questionnaires), 69 pregnant women were diagnosed as pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, 470 pregnant women were non-pregnant women with diabetes mellitus. Compared with non-gestational diabetes pregnant women, the body mass of pregnant women with gestational diabetes increased significantly, the body mass increased more, and the age was older, the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Compared with non-pregnant pregnant women, the intake of dietary fiber in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus was less and the difference was significant (P 0.05). The intake of high energy density food (special snack in Guangdong), high sugar and high GI fruit (tropical fruit in Guangdong) were significantly different between the two groups, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The average daily intake of protein and dietary fiber in 539 pregnant women was significantly lower than the recommended intake of Chinese women in the second trimester, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). Multivariate regression equation analysis of risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus showed that the BMI was higher, the body mass increased too much during pregnancy, the family history of diabetes, excessive intake of high-density energy food and high sugar during pregnancy. High GI fruits were all risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion the dietary nutrition structure of pregnant women in Guangdong area is unreasonable, and there is a big gap between dietary intake habits and the requirements of dietary guidelines for Chinese residents in the second trimester of pregnancy. The people in this area are fond of sweet food and often choose Guangdong characteristic food, too much ingestion of Guangdong dessert and high sugar, and high GI fruit have obvious correlation with the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus.
【作者单位】：南方医科大学南方医院营养科;
【基金】：广州市科技计划项目(2013SX026) 南方医院院长基金(2013C007)
【分类号】：R714.256

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