病理性胎儿生长受限的产前诊断研究进展

发布时间：2018-12-15 06:25

【摘要】：胎儿生长受限为产科高危妊娠,病因复杂,表现为胎儿生长发育缓慢,可伴有或不伴有胎儿畸形及胎儿窘迫,其实质是胎儿未达到其应发育的全部潜能,发生胎儿生长受限的一部分病因与遗传物质异常相关,由于遗传物质异常导致的胎儿生长受限,往往发生孕周时间较早,生后还会面临体格和智能方面的发育异常或迟缓,并且尚无有效的治疗方法,所以评估胎儿是否为病理性生长受限是产前诊断的重点。通过利用细胞遗传学和分子遗传学技术,从染色体核型分析、FISH、各种PCR相关技术到染色体微阵列分析技术,分析胎儿染色体和基因,来预防严重病理性生长受限患儿的出生。近年来产前诊断技术不断成熟,研究逐渐深入。本文就各种遗传学技术方法在此方面的进展作为综述。
[Abstract]:Fetal growth restriction is a high risk pregnancy in obstetrical department. Its etiology is complex. It can be accompanied with or without fetal malformation and fetal distress. The essence of fetal growth is that the fetus does not reach its full potential of development. Some of the causes of fetal growth restriction are associated with abnormal genetic material. Due to abnormal genetic material, fetal growth restriction often occurs early in gestation, and may also face physical and intellectual abnormalities or retardation after birth. And there is no effective treatment, so it is important to evaluate whether the fetus is pathological growth restriction. By using cytogenetics and molecular genetics techniques, from chromosome karyotype analysis, various PCR related techniques of FISH, to chromosome microarray analysis, fetal chromosomes and genes were analyzed to prevent the birth of children with severe pathological growth restriction. In recent years, prenatal diagnosis technology has been matured and the research has been deepened. This paper reviews the progress of various genetic techniques in this field.
【作者单位】：首都医科大学附属北京妇产医院产科;
【分类号】：R714.51

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