非医学专业大学生对人乳头瘤病毒及其疫苗认知现况调查分析

发布时间：2019-05-18 12:18

【摘要】：目的：通过对非医学专业类大学生群体的问卷调查，研究他们对于HPV、HPV相关疾病和疫苗相关知识的认知水平以及他们对于HPV疫苗的接种意愿。为HPV疫苗应用的决策者提供依据，找出国内推广HPV疫苗存在的潜在障碍，为制定我国HPV预防性疫苗的接种政策提出科学建议。方法：本研究基于《中国大学生对人乳头瘤病毒及HPV预防性疫苗认知的多中心研究》设计要求，采用横断面流行病学调查方法，采取分层整群抽样方法在大连市选取两所大学的学生（一所一类本科大学、一所三类本科学院的18-22岁非医学专业的本科学生）为调查对象。应用统一设计的调查表进行匿名调查，调查问卷由被调查者在知情同意的情况下独立填写。调查数据由经过培训的研究者运用EpiData数据库进行双份录入和管理。采用SPSS13.0对调查数据进行统计描述，采用χ2检验，检验水平为0.05。结果：非医学专业大学生对HPV知晓率偏低，总体知晓率仅为16.7%。按年级、专业及学籍类别分组分析，得到HPV知晓率情况。一类本科大学生的知晓率为16.5%，三类本科大学生的知晓率为17.3%，差异没有统计学意义（P0.05）。一本大学生中：低年级学生的知晓率为13.0%，高年级学生的知晓率为21.0%，差异不显著（P0.05）；文科学生和理科学生的知晓率分别为27.5%和7.8%，差异显著（P0.05）；文科生中男生HPV知晓率是37.1%，女生知晓率是17.3%,差异无统计学意义（P0.05）；理科生中男生HPV知晓率为8.7%，女生为6.6%，差异未见有统计学意义（P0.05）；文科低年级学生中听说过HPV的占30.0%，高年级学生占25.4%，无统计学意义（P0.05）；理科低年级学生中认知率仅2.2%，而高年级则为16.7%，P0.05，有显著差异。三类本科大学生总体HPV知晓率为17.3%。低年级学生为15.9%，高年级学生为21.4%；三本男生的知晓率为18.8%，女生知晓率为13.3%，差异均无统计学意义。有过性行为的大学生知晓率为30.8%，明显高于无性生活史的大学生的认知率15.1%，P0.05，差异有统计学意义。大学生群体对HPV相关疾病知识的认知均不高。被调查大学生HPV疫苗整体知晓率仅为12.8%。一本知晓率15.4%高于三本知晓率6.4%，P0.05，差异显著；一本文科学生知晓率为27.5%，远远高于理科生的知晓率5.9%，，P=0.00；在文科学生中男女生知晓率分别为29%，25.9%；高年级文科生的知晓率为35.6%，低年级为19.7%，差异不明显。低年级理科生知晓率（2.2%）远低于高年级理科生的知晓率（11.7%）,二者差异有统计学意义（P=0.029）。三本学生对HPV疫苗知晓率均偏低，且低、高年级间及性别间的差异均没有统计学意义（P0.05）。听说过HPV疫苗的大学生里只有61.2%了解该疫苗预防何种疾病。有68.4%的大学生愿意接种疫苗。知晓HPV的大学生中有76.9%表示愿意接种疫苗，不知晓HPV的大学生有66.5%愿意接种疫苗，OR值为3.84，其95%可信区间为1.83~7.04。大学生对适合接种HPV疫苗的机构选择，主要集中在疾病预防控制中心（56.9%）和综合医院（11.7%）。疫苗接种的最佳人群选项，只有9.9%的大学生选择了尚无初次性行为者作为疫苗接种的最佳人群。26.6%的大学生认为接种HPV预防性疫苗的最佳年龄段是16~18岁，19.6%的人认为19~21岁为接种的最佳年龄，还有28.5%的人不知道最佳的接种年龄应是多大。不愿意接种疫苗的主要原因除担心疫苗的安全性外（占92.1%），还担心目前疫苗没有大范围推广使用（占47.2%）。无论是国产疫苗或进口疫苗，大学生能承担的最高价格均不超过300元，并且认为疫苗上市政府应该补贴72.5%以上的费用。结论：1、大学生群体对HPV和HPV疫苗的认知程度较低。大部分人不清楚HPV疫苗最佳接种年龄及最有效接种人群。2、大学生群体对HPV疫苗接种意愿较高。愿意接种的原因为接种疫苗能降低感染HPV的风险，可使自己及伴侣从中获益；不愿意接种HPV疫苗的主要原因有疫苗的价格过高、目前疫苗还没有大范围推广使用及担心疫苗的安全性和有效性等。3、大学生群体对疫苗的支付能力有限，能承担的最高价格不超过300元，并且希望政府在疫苗价格方面给予相应补贴。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the cognitive level of HPV, HPV-related diseases and vaccine-related knowledge and their will to the HPV vaccine through the questionnaire of non-medical professional college students. To provide the basis for the decision-makers in the application of the HPV vaccine, to find out the potential barriers to the extension of the HPV vaccine in China, and to make scientific suggestions for the development of the vaccination policy of the HPV vaccine in China. Methods: This study was based on the multi-center study on the cognition of human papillomavirus and the prevention of human papillomavirus (HPV) in Chinese college students. The cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was applied to select two students from two universities in Dalian. The 18-22-year-old non-medical student of a three-class college is an investigation In the case of an anonymous survey of the questionnaire applied in a uniform design, the questionnaire was filled independently by the respondent under the informed consent. Write. The survey data is entered and managed by trained researchers using the EpiData database A. Statistical description of the survey data using the SPSS13.0. The level of the test is 0.0. 5. Results: The knowledge of HPV was low in non-medical college students, and the overall awareness rate was only 16. .7%. HPV awareness is obtained by grouping analysis of grade, specialty, and class The rate is about 16.5% for a class of undergraduate students and 17.3% among the three types of undergraduate students, and the difference is not significant (P0. (05) In a college student, the awareness rate of the low-grade students is 13.0%, the awareness rate of the senior students is 21.0%, the difference is not significant (P0.05), the awareness rate of the students and the science students is 27.5% and 7.8%, the difference is significant (P0.05); and the rate of the HPV awareness among the boys in the Wenke students is 37. 1%, the rate of women's awareness was 17.3%, the difference was not significant (P <0.05), the rate of HPV was 8.7% and the number of female students was 6.6%, and the difference was not significant (P0.05). Among the students in the lower grade of the liberal arts, the proportion of HPV was 30.0%, and the higher-grade students account for 25%. 4%, no statistical significance (P0.05), only 2.2% of the students in the lower grade of science, 16.7% in the higher grade, and 0.05 in the higher grade. Differences. The overall HPV awareness rate of three types of undergraduate students is 17 .3%. The low-grade students are 15.9% and 21.4% for the upper-grade students; the awareness rate of the three boys is 18.8%, the awareness rate of the girls is 13.3%, and the difference is no statistics The cognition rate of the college students who had the sexual behavior was 30.8%, the cognitive rate of the college students obviously higher than that of the non-sexual life history was 15.1%, P0.05, and the difference was statistically significant. The significance of the study. The cognition of the knowledge of the HPV-related diseases among the college students Not high. The overall awareness rate of the HPV vaccine of the investigated college students is only 12.8%. A well-known awareness rate of 15.4% is higher than that of the three people's awareness rate of 6.4%, P0.05, and the difference is significant; the awareness rate of one of the students is 27.5%, which is far higher than that of the science and technology students, with a rate of 5.9%, P = 0.00, and the awareness rate of the students and men in the Wenke students is 29% and 25.9%, respectively; and the awareness rate of the students in the higher grades is as follows: 35.6%, with a low grade of 19.7%, The difference was not obvious. The rate of knowledge of the lower grade (2.2%) was far lower than that of the senior management (11.7%), and the difference was significant (P = 0). .029) The awareness rate of HPV vaccine was low in the three students, and there was no significant difference between the upper and the higher grades and between the sexes (P 0.05). Only 61.2% of the college students who have heard of the HPV vaccine know the epidemic. What kind of disease is to be prevented. There are 68.4% of the universities The students are willing to vaccinate. 76.9% of the college students who know HPV are willing to vaccinate, and 66.5% of the students who do not know HPV are willing to vaccinate. The OR value is 3.84, and the 95% confidence interval is 1. 83-7.04. The selection of the university students for the mechanism of HPV vaccine is mainly focused on the disease prevention and control center (56.9%) and the comprehensive hospital (11.7 per cent). The best population option for vaccination, only 9.9 per cent of the students selected the best population to be vaccinated as a vaccine. 26.6 per cent of the university students considered that the best age group to be vaccinated against HPV was 16-18 years and 19.6 per cent considered 19-21 The best age for inoculation, and 28.5% of people are not aware of the best The age of vaccination should be so large. The main causes of the reluctance to vaccinate the vaccine, in addition to the safety of the vaccine (92.1 per cent), are also concerned that the current vaccine has not been extended in a wide range. (47.2%). The highest price for college students, whether domestic or imported, is not more than 300 yuan, and it is considered that the municipal government should subsidise 7 More than 2.5% of the cost. Conclusion:1. The population of college students is against HPV and H. The level of the PV vaccine is low. Most of the population is not aware of the best vaccination age and the most effective population of the HPV vaccine. The higher will of the HPV vaccine to be vaccinated. The reason for the willingness to vaccinate is that the vaccine can reduce the risk of infection with the HPV and benefit itself and the partner; the main reason for not to be vaccinated is that the price of the vaccine is too high, and the current vaccine has not been widely used and the vaccine is concerned 3. The students' ability to pay the vaccine is limited, the maximum price can be no more than 300 yuan, and it is hoped that the government will be in the epidemic
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R737.33

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