车祸伤中颅底骨折的生物力学分析

发布时间：2018-05-11 10:48

本文选题：车祸伤 + 颅底骨折　；参考：《中国人民解放军医学院》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：一、研究目的：本研究旨在模拟车祸伤中头颅受外力冲击下，颅底骨折的形成机制，明确受力大小、部位与颅底骨折之间的联系。二、研究方法:利用建立的包含下颌骨的颅底三维有限元模型，在ansys13.0软件的workbench中进行分析求解。首先，约束双侧枕髁，额部正中加力水平向后，分别以100N、200N、300N、400N的力加载，完成分析求解，得到位移及等效应力云图等；以同样的方法约束颅骨顶部，枕髁向上垂直加力400N、800N、1200N及约束双侧枕髁，下颌骨正中水平0°、40°、50°、60°加力200N、300N、400N，分别得到与之相对应的位移及等效应力图等。三、研究结果:额部正中水平加力至300N及400N时，颅前窝出现明显的位移，其骨的形变量约在1mm左右，骨折可能性大；在颅后窝形成明显的应力集中区，400N时，颅后窝的等效应力超过屈服强度，出现骨折,颅中窝未见应力等高区，骨折可能性不大；枕髁垂直加力过程中，在颅后窝出现明显的应力集中区，但等效应力均未超过骨的屈服强度；下颌骨水平加力过程中，加载力在颅中窝出现明显的应力集中及位移，虽然加载角度不同，但300N及400N加载力，都使颅中窝的位移及等效应力超过骨的屈服强度，出现骨折；且随着加载力的逐渐增大，，颅后窝的应力集中趋势明显，400N时颅后窝发生骨折可能性大。四、结论：车祸伤发生过程中，额部及下颌骨所受到的撞击力都能传导至颅底，并可引起相应部位的骨折。额部受力时，颅前窝骨折为受力区骨折延伸至颅底所致，颅后窝骨折发生的机制更趋向于应力集中导致的；下颌骨受力过程中，在合适角度下，应力沿下颌升支向后上传导至颅底，导致颅中窝骨折，并在颅后窝形成应力集中区，受力达到400N时，颅后窝可出现骨折。
[Abstract]:Objective: the purpose of this study was to simulate the formation mechanism of skull base fracture under the impact of external force on the skull in traffic accident injury, and to determine the relationship between the force size, the position and the skull base fracture. Second, research method: using the established three-dimensional finite element model of skull base including mandible, it is analyzed and solved in workbench of ansys13.0 software. First, the bilateral occipital condyle is restrained, the frontal part is loaded horizontally with a force of 300Nb 400N, and the displacement and equivalent stress cloud diagram is obtained by using the same method to restrain the top of the skull. The occipital condyle was subjected to a vertical force of 400Nm 800Nm 1200N and a bilateral condyle of occipital condyle, and the median mandibular level was 0 掳(40 掳), 50 掳(50 掳) and 60 掳(200Nm). The corresponding displacement and isotherm effect were obtained. 3. The results showed that the anterior fossa had obvious displacement when the middle frontal part was applied to 300N and 400N, the deformation of the bone was about 1mm, the possibility of fracture was high, and when the stress concentration area formed in the posterior fossa was 400N, The equivalent stress of the posterior cranial fossa exceeds the yield strength, the fracture occurs, the middle cranial fossa has no high area of stress and so on, the fracture is unlikely, and the stress concentration area appears obviously in the posterior cranial fossa during the vertical loading of the occipital condyle. But the equivalent stress did not exceed the yield strength of the bone, and the stress concentration and displacement appeared in the middle cranial fossa during the horizontal loading of the mandible, although the loading angles were different, the loading forces of 300N and 400N were different. The displacement and equivalent stress of the middle cranial fossa exceeded the yield strength of the bone and the fracture occurred, and with the increasing of the loading force, the stress concentration tendency of the posterior fossa was obviously higher than 400 N. Conclusion: the impact force on the frontal and mandibular bones can be transmitted to the skull base during the course of the accident, and can cause the fracture of the corresponding site. The fracture of the anterior cranial fossa is caused by the extension of the fracture of the anterior cranial fossa to the base of the skull, and the mechanism of the fracture of the posterior fossa tends to be caused by the stress concentration. The stress was transmitted to the base of the skull along the ascending branch of the mandible, resulting in the fracture of the middle cranial fossa, and the stress concentration area was formed in the posterior fossa. When the stress reached 400N, the fracture could occur in the posterior fossa.
【学位授予单位】：中国人民解放军医学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R782

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