基于激光三维打印的类骨小梁多孔钛种植体的设计及其体内成骨效应研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 20:31

【摘要】：激光三维打印技术的出现极大地促进了材料学的发展。为了改善钛种植体的骨结合能力,解决其弹性模量过大的问题,一些学者根据骨组织工程中的仿生概念提出类骨小梁的3D多孔材料,并通过大量体内实验和体外细胞实验验证了其良好的成骨效应。本实验小组认为在之前研究的基础上仍有几个重要问题没有解决。一是相对于实心种植体-骨界面的骨结合,骨组织长入多孔结构后是否能提高种植体-骨界面骨结合的强度?第二,理想的孔隙结构特性仍未确定。第三,之前的研究已经表明多孔种植体可以提高种植体的稳定性,然而多孔植体是否能在短期内达到足够的稳定性仍不清楚。为解决以上问题,本实验小组用激光三维打印技术制作了三种不同孔隙率(65%、75%、85%,对应的孔径大小分别是200、350、500μm)的类骨小梁多孔种植体和一组实心钛种植体作为对照组,在体外完成micro-CT扫描和扫描电镜观察进行多孔结构特性分析,并进行了力学性能测试,然后将种植体植入新西兰兔股骨,通过硬组织切片染色和压出实验研究类骨小梁多孔种植体的成骨效应。多孔结构特点分析和力学测试表明本实验采用的多孔种植体与天然骨小梁结构类似,弹性模量接近天然松质骨。亚甲基蓝-酸性品红染色结果显示多孔种植体周围的新骨量明显多于对照组,且随着时间增加骨长入孔隙内的深度也增加,其中孔隙率75%和85%的种植体成骨效果最好。压出实验结果显示以上两组种植体压出力较大。根据本实验结果,我们回答了以上几个问题并得出以下结论:(1)与实心种植体相比,多孔种植体具有更良好的引导骨长入性能和骨结合性能,种植体-骨界面的结合强度可以增大约3倍;(2)类骨小梁多孔种植体利于骨长入的理想多孔结构是:孔隙率75%和85%(孔径350、500μm);(3)多孔种植体可引导快速的骨结合,并在短期获得生物学稳定性,本实验中的结果是2周。
[Abstract]:The appearance of laser three-dimensional printing technology has greatly promoted the development of materials science. In order to improve the bone-binding ability of titanium implants and solve the problem of excessive elastic modulus, some scholars have proposed 3D porous materials of bone-like trabeculae based on the biomimetic concept in bone tissue engineering. The good osteogenic effect was verified by a large number of experiments in vivo and in vitro. The team believes that several important issues remain unresolved on the basis of previous studies. First, compared with the osseointegration of solid implant-bone interface, can bone tissue grow into porous structure to improve the strength of osseointegration between implant-bone interface? Second, the ideal pore structure characteristics are still uncertain. Third, previous studies have shown that porous implants can improve the stability of the implant, but it is not clear whether the porous implant can achieve sufficient stability in the short term. In order to solve the above problems, three kinds of porous bone trabecular implants with different porosity (6575 and 85, corresponding pore size of 200350500 渭 m) and a group of solid titanium implants were made by using laser three-dimensional printing technique as control group. In vitro micro-CT scanning and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyze the porous structure and mechanical properties were tested. Then the implants were implanted into the femur of New Zealand rabbits. The osteogenic effect of osseous trabecular porous implants was studied by hard tissue section staining and compression. The analysis of porous structures and mechanical tests show that the porous implants used in this experiment are similar to natural bone trabeculae and the elastic modulus is close to that of natural cancellous bone. The results of methylene blue and acid fuchsin staining showed that the amount of new bone around the porous implants was significantly higher than that in the control group, and the depth of bone length into the pores increased with time. The implant with 75% porosity and 85% porosity had the best osteogenic effect. The results of extrusion experiment showed that the two groups of implants had greater compressive force. According to the results of this experiment, we answered the above questions and reached the following conclusions: (1) compared with solid implants, porous implants have better performance in guiding bone growth and bone bonding. The bonding strength of implant-bone interface can be increased by about three times. (2) the ideal porous structure of trabecular porous implants is that the porosity of 75% and 85% (pore diameter 350500 渭 m); (3) of porous implants can lead to rapid bone binding. Biological stability was obtained in a short period of time, and the results in this experiment were 2 weeks.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R783.6

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