陕西地区出土6000年来人下颌骨后段形态演化的研究

发布时间：2019-04-28 13:40

【摘要】：材料：本研究材料选取分为6组：陕西地区出土6000年前人组下颌骨，西安地区出土新石器时代遗址，现存于半坡历史博物馆，83例；陕西地区出土4000年前人组下颌骨，陕西商洛地区出土夏代古墓遗址，现存于西北大学文化遗产学院，5例；陕西地区出土3000年前人组下颌骨，西安少陵园出土西周时代家族墓遗址，现存于陕西考古研究院，8例；陕西地区出土2000年前人组下颌骨，陕西关中东部地区出土战国中晚期至秦末时期的秦墓葬区遗址，现存于西北大学文化遗产学院，49例；陕西地区出土1000年前人组下颌骨，西安长安区出土唐代居民墓葬遗址，现存于陕西考古研究院，9例；陕西地区现代人组下颌骨，陕西现代人下颌骨标本，存于第四军医大学解剖教研室，50例。目的：本研究报告了陕西地区6000年来不同年代人组下颌骨后段测量数据、下颌骨后段磨牙萌出情况和下颌小舌形态数据，探讨了陕西地区6000年来人下颌骨后段的形态演化趋势、第三磨牙萌出情况影响因素、下颌小舌形态演化趋势，为体质人类学及系统的研究人颅颌面形态的演化积累数据资料。方法：参照邵象清编著的《人体测量手册》及朱泓编著的新版《体质人类学》所描述的方法和标准，由同一名在日光环境下对6组下颌骨标本分批进行观察、测量，观察项目认真记录，测量项目测量两次取平均值，若误差大于0.5mm或角度误差大于1。则重新测量。结果：不同年代人组下颌骨后段测量数据显示：随着年代由远及近，，下颌骨后段厚度趋向变薄、长度趋向变小、角度趋向增大。在不同年代间，下颌骨后段各个性状的表现特点和变化幅度不同。不同年代人组以第三磨牙萌出情况分组的下颌骨后段形态研究显示：正位萌出组的下颌斜长和第二磨牙后间隙大于异位萌出组、阻生组、缺失组。不同年代人组下颌小舌形态研究显示：6000年人组中结节型所占比例最大，2000年人组中三角型、平角型、结节型所占比例相当，现代人组中三角型所占比例最大。报告了不同年代人组小样本下颌骨后段形态测量数据、磨牙萌出数据、下颌小舌形态数据。结论：下颌骨后段的形态研究显示：随着年代由远及近，下颌骨厚度变薄、长度变小、角度增大，整体骨量变小，其中第二磨牙后间隙减小幅度较大。下颌骨后段磨牙正位萌出情况比例随时间变化趋于减小，异常萌出情况（异位萌出、阻生、缺失）比例趋于增大；下颌骨长度测量性状与下颌第三磨牙萌出情况关系密切。下颌小舌形态随时间变化有向三角型的演化趋势。
[Abstract]:Materials: this study was divided into 6 groups: the mandible of the human group unearthed 6000 years ago in Shaanxi and the Neolithic site unearthed in Xi'an, 83 cases were found in the Banpo History Museum. The human mandible was unearthed 4000 years ago in Shaanxi Province, and the ancient tomb site of Xia Dynasty was unearthed in Shangluo area, Shaanxi Province. 5 cases were found in the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. The human mandible was unearthed 3000 years ago in Shaanxi area, and the family tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty were unearthed at the Shaojingyuan Garden in Xi'an. 8 cases were found in Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute. The human mandible was unearthed in Shaanxi area before 2000 and the ruins of Qin tombs unearthed in the eastern part of Guanzhong Shaanxi from mid-late warring States period to the end of Qin Dynasty were found in the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. 49 cases were unearthed at the School of Cultural Heritage of Northwestern University. The human mandible was unearthed 1000 years ago in Shaanxi area, and the tombs of residents of Tang Dynasty were unearthed in Chang'an District of Xi'an. 9 cases were found in Shaanxi Archaeological Research Institute. The mandible of the group of modern people in Shaanxi area and the specimens of mandible of modern people in Shaanxi province were stored in the Department of Anatomy of the fourth military Medical University (n = 50). Objective: to report the measurement data of the posterior mandibular segment, the eruption of molars in the posterior part of the mandible and the morphological data of the mandibular small tongue in the past 6000 years in Shaanxi area, and to discuss the morphological evolution trend of the posterior segment of the mandible in the past 6000 years in Shaanxi area. The factors influencing the eruption of the third molar and the morphological evolution trend of the mandibular tongue accumulate data for the physical anthropology and systematic study of the evolution of the morphology of the cranio-maxillofacial region. Methods: referring to the methods and standards described in the Manual of anthropometry edited by Shao Xiangqing and the new edition of physical Anthropology edited by Zhu Hong, six groups of mandible specimens were observed and measured in batches under the same sun environment. The observation items are carefully recorded, and the measurement items are averaged twice, if the error is greater than 0.5mm or the angle error is greater than 1. Then re-measure. Results: the measured data of the posterior segment of the mandible in different ages showed that the thickness of the posterior segment of the mandible tended to thin, the length of the mandible tended to decrease and the angle of the mandible tended to increase with the age from far to near. In different years, the performance characteristics and variation range of each character in the posterior segment of mandible were different. The mandibular posterior segment morphology of the third molar eruption group in different ages showed that the mandibular oblique length and posterior space of the second molar in the orthodontic eruption group were larger than those in the ectopic eruption group, impaction group, and missing group, and that in the orthodontic eruption group, the mandibular oblique length and the second molar posterior space were larger than those in the ectopic eruption group. The morphological study of mandibular tongue in different years showed that the proportion of nodular type in human group was the largest in 6000 years, in 2000, the proportion of triangular type, flat angle type and nodular type was equal, and the proportion of triangular type in modern group was the largest. The data of mandibular posterior segment shape measurement, molar eruption data and mandibular tongue morphology data of small samples of human group in different ages were reported. Conclusion: the morphological study of the posterior segment of the mandible shows that the thickness of the mandible becomes thinner, the length of the mandible becomes thinner, the angle increases, and the overall bone mass decreases, and the posterior space of the second molar decreases greatly as the age changes from the distance to the proximal part of the mandible. The ratio of orthodontic eruption of mandibular posterior molars tended to decrease with time, and the proportion of abnormal eruption (ectopic eruption, impaction and deletion) tended to increase, and the length of mandible was closely related to the eruption of mandibular third molar. The shape of the mandible tongue changes with time and tends to be triangular.
【学位授予单位】：第四军医大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R782

【参考文献】