弥苴河水系钉螺分布部分规律研究

发布时间：2018-01-26 01:38

本文关键词： 血吸虫病钉螺地理信息系统山丘地区　出处：《大理学院》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：【目的】利用GIS、GPS技术，以及流行病学的原理与方法，描述和分析弥苴河水系干流与主要支流流经地区的钉螺在时间、空间上的分布特点以及变化规律，为山丘型地区的灭螺与防病工作提出合理的建议。【材料】 1、收集2005-2011年弥苴河水系流经的24个行政村所辖140个自然村的螺情资料。 2、收集大理州1：50000电子地图。 3、下载云南省SRTM-DEM(Digital Elevation Model)数据，弥苴河流域地图、地形图、卫星图。【方法】 1、地理信息系统数据库的建立将螺情资料输入到Excel中建立属性数据库，与自然村经、纬度数据以及DEM数据结合建立地理信息数据库。 2、描述性分析利用ArcGIS10.0、Excel2003描述、分析弥苴河水系流经的行政村所辖自然村2005-2011年钉螺时间、空间分布情况。 3、一般性统计分析利用ArcGIS10.0、Spss16.0软件对弥苴河水系流经的行政村所辖自然村钉螺时间、空间分布特性及规律进行统计分析。 4、地统学分析依据地统学原理，利用ArcGIS10.0对螺情指标与弥苴河水系干、支流在空间上的关系，，以及各指标内部与各指标之间的相关性进行分析。【结果】 1、弥苴河水系钉螺分布较为广泛，2005-2011年间钉螺面积持续下降，2005-2008年间下降幅度较大。田地、沟渠等环境类型有螺面积的构成比最大，合计最大达到2011年的98.27%。有螺框出现率、活螺平均密度、阳性螺密度、自然感染率等指标与有螺面积的变化趋势基本一致。 2、空间分析结果表明：存在5个活螺密度较高的聚集区域：Ⅰ牛街乡海西海区域、Ⅱ三营镇弥茨河段区域、Ⅲ茈碧湖以南区域、Ⅳ中所村附近区域、Ⅴ青索村附近区域。钉螺密度的聚集情况与自然村、河网等在地理位置上的聚集存在相关性。在0.01度-0.09度（1048.16米-9433.42米）的距离范围内不存在离散的聚类现象。2009年活螺平均密度、2005年阳性螺密度、2006年阳性螺密度、2006年自然感染率等指标空间聚类性与自相关性显著。 3、距离分析结果表明：87.86％的自然村及84.05％的有螺面积在距离弥苴河水系600米的范围内。 4、高程分析结果表明：钉螺分布在海拔1966-1992米、2054-2164米两个区域内。 5、有螺框出现率Y与海拔X_1建立的模型有统计学意义，方程为Y=-0.287+0.000153X_1（F=10.721，P=0.001，R~2=0.072）。活螺平均密度Y与海拔X_1距弥苴河水系的距离X_2所建立的模型具有统计学意义，方程为：Y=-0.964+0.000503X_1+13.399X_2（F=4.181，P=0.017，R~2=0.058）。阳性螺密度、自然感染率等指标与高程、距源头的距离、距茈碧湖出入水口的距离、距入海口的距离没有明显的相关性。 6、获得弥苴河水系附近自然村螺情密度分析图、趋势面图、热点事件图；弥苴河水系四环缓冲图。【结论】 1、2005-2011年弥苴河水系附近自然村的各项螺情指标持续下降，螺情得到了有效控制。 2、灌溉沟渠为查灭螺的重点区域。 3、钉螺分布存在聚集性，Ⅰ牛街乡海西海区域、Ⅱ三营镇弥茨河段区域、Ⅲ茈碧湖出入水口以南区域、Ⅳ中所村附近区域、Ⅴ青索村附近区域等聚集区域为查灭螺的重点区域。 4、距离弥苴河水系600米的范围内为钉螺分布的主要区域，是查灭螺的重点区域。 5、经典统计学方法结合地统学方法可以很好地描述和预测钉螺的分布以及变化规律，可以在较大的尺度与范围内实时有效地为血吸虫病防治工作的开展和决策的制定提供服务。
[Abstract]:[Objective]
Using GIS, GPS technology, and the principle and method of epidemiology, description and analysis of Miju River mainstream and major tributaries flowing through the area of Oncomelania in time, distribution characteristics and variation law of space, put forward reasonable suggestions for the hilly area of snail control and prevention work.
[material]
1, 24 administrative villages to collect 2005-2011 Miju river system flows under the jurisdiction of 140 villages of the snail.
2, collect the 1:50000 electronic map of the Dali state.
3, download the SRTM-DEM of Yunnan province (Digital Elevation Model) data, map, Miju River Basin topographic map and satellite map.
[method]
1, the establishment of geographic information system database will input screw information into Excel, establish attribute database, and establish the geographic information database combined with natural village, latitude data and DEM data.
2, descriptive analysis using ArcGIS10.0, Excel2003 description, analysis of Miju river system flows through the administrative villages under the jurisdiction of the natural village 2005-2011 of Oncomelania in time, the distribution of space.
3, a general statistical analysis by ArcGIS10.0, through the Spss16.0 software of Miju river system of administrative villages under the jurisdiction of the village natural snail time, statistical analysis of distribution characteristics and rules of space.
4, based on the analysis of the principle of unity of unity, the use of ArcGIS10.0 on snail indexes and Miju river system, tributary relationship in space, and the correlation between the index of the internal and each index was analyzed.
[results]
1, Miju river snail distribution is more extensive, 2005-2011 years of Oncomelania area continued to decline, 2005-2008 decreased greatly. The fields, ditches and other environmental types of snail areas constitute the largest proportion, the total reached the maximum in 2011 98.27%. snail occurrence rate, the average density of living snails and infected snail density, natural infection rate with the trend of the snail area are basically the same.
2, spatial analysis results show that: there are 5 clusters of living snail density high: 1 Niujie Township West Sea area, three Ying Zhen River area Mici II, III Cibihu south region, near the village of IV, V green cable near the village area. The snail density of aggregate and natural village, river network in the geographical location of the aggregation correlation. In 0.01 degrees -0.09 degrees (1048.16 meters -9433.42 meters) does not exist.2009 clustering phenomenon discrete annual average density of living snails range 2005 positive snail density, density of positive snail in 2006 2006, natural infection rate and other indicators of spatial clustering and self correlation is significant.
3, from the analysis results show that: 87.86% of the 84.05% villages and the snail area in the range of Miju river system of 600 metres.
4, the results of elevation analysis showed that the Oncomelania hupensis was distributed at 1966-1992 meters above sea level and 2054-2164 meters in two regions.
5, a snail rate had a significant elevation of X_1 and Y model, the equation was Y=-0.287+0.000153X_1 (F=10.721, P=0.001, R~2=0.072). With statistical significance, the average density of living snails and Y at X_1 from Miju river system from the X_2 model equation: Y= -0.964+0.000503X_1+13.399X_2 (F=4.181, P=0.017, R~2=0.058). The infected snail density, index and elevation of natural infection rate, from the source of the distance from the Cibihu entry nozzle distance, no obvious correlation between the distance away from the Haikou.
6, get Miju river near the village of natural snail density analysis, trend charts, hot events; Miju river system fourth buffer map.
[Conclusion]
The snail indexes 12005-2011 Miju River nature near the village continued to decline, the snail has been effectively controlled.
2, the irrigation ditch is the key area for the inspection of the snail.
3, there is aggregation of snail distribution, Niujie Xiang Hai West Region II three Ying Zhen Mici River Area III Cibihu and water inlet south region, near the Village IV, V green cable near the village of regional areas gathered in key areas for the snails.
4, range of Miju river system within 600 meters of the main regional distribution of Oncomelania snails, is a key area of snails.
5, the classical statistics method combined with the geological method can well describe and predict the distribution and change rule of snails, which can provide real-time and effective services for schistosomiasis control and decision-making in a larger scale.

【学位授予单位】：大理学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R184

【参考文献】