C市工伤流行病学调查与对策研究

发布时间：2018-03-20 08:21

本文选题：工伤　切入点：流行病学　出处：《江苏大学》2010年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：工伤常发于社会最具劳动力的人群,不仅严重威胁着劳动者的生命安全与健康,而且极易造成巨大的经济和社会负担,已经成为发达国家和发展中国家皆存在的重要公共卫生问题之一。本文以某地级市C市为例,采用回顾性流行病学调查方法,描述2004—2008年间该市工伤的分布特征及流行规律,分析事故的分布状况及发生原因,并提出相应对策,为C市预防和控制工伤,减少事故发生率提供科学依据。首先,对工伤流行病学的相关理论进行简要阐述。其次,对2004—2008年间C市工伤人员数据资料进行整理筛选,运用SPSS软件进行统计分析,发现工伤人群存在着聚集性,以男性为主,多发年龄段为30～39岁,工龄分布主要集中在0～4年间,多发工种有操作工、电工／焊工、钳工、驾驶员／司机、车工、维修工；工伤时间存在着聚集性,以第三季度为高发期,2月为全年工伤人数最少的月份；受伤部位主要为上肢、下肢及头面部；工伤等级分布差异明显,10级工伤人数最多。再次,对2004—2008年间C市安全生产事故报表资料进行整理及统计分析,发现工伤事故起数总体呈现下降趋势,事故多发于制造业、建筑业以及采石业,多发类别为高处坠落、物体打击、机械伤害,多发企业经济规模为中小型企业。排在事故原因首位的是“违反操作规程和劳动纪律”,占总数的42.94%,属于人的不安全行为；排在第二、三位的分别是“设备、设施、工具附件有缺陷”,“安全措施缺少或有缺陷”,属于物的不安全状态。最后,本文提出了八项工伤预防与控制对策,包括建立健全工伤预防的规章制度,构建完善工伤预防的管理体系,加强安全生产的监管力度,充分发挥工伤保险的预防职能,强化企业的安全生产责任,加强安全教育与技能培训,构建工伤预防与控制的全面信息系统,加强舆论监督、培育中介组织。
[Abstract]:Industrial injuries often occur among the most laboring people in the society. They not only seriously threaten the life safety and health of workers, but also cause enormous economic and social burdens. It has become one of the important public health problems in both developed and developing countries. Taking C city of a prefectural level as an example, this paper describes the distribution characteristics and epidemic law of work-related injuries in this city from 2004 to 2008 by means of retrospective epidemiological investigation, analyzes the distribution and causes of accidents, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. It provides scientific basis for prevention and control of industrial injury and reduction of accident rate in C city. First of all, the related theory of industrial injury epidemiology is briefly expounded. Secondly, the data of work-related injury workers in C city from 2004 to 2008 were sorted out and analyzed by using SPSS software. It was found that the work-related injury population was clustered, mainly male, with a multiple age of 30 to 39 years old. The distribution of length of service is mainly concentrated in 0 / 4 years. There are many types of work such as operator, electrician / welder, fitter, driver / driver, lathe worker, maintenance worker. With the third quarter as the high incidence period, February is the month with the lowest number of injuries in the whole year; the injured parts are mainly upper limbs, lower limbs and head and face; the distribution of injury grade is the highest in the 10th grade. Thirdly, the data of safety accidents in C city from 2004 to 2008 were analyzed and analyzed. It was found that the initial number of industrial accidents showed a downward trend in general. Accidents occurred in manufacturing industry, construction industry and quarrying industry. Object strikes, mechanical injuries, multiple enterprises economic scale for small and medium-sized enterprises. The first cause of accidents is "violation of operating rules and labor discipline," accounting for 42.94 of the total, belong to human unsafe behavior; ranked second, "equipment, facilities, tools accessories are defective", "safety measures are lacking or defective", belong to the unsafe state of things. Finally, this paper puts forward eight countermeasures of industrial injury prevention and control, including establishing and perfecting the rules and regulations of industrial injury prevention, establishing and perfecting the management system of industrial injury prevention, strengthening the supervision of production safety, giving full play to the prevention function of industrial injury insurance. To strengthen the responsibility of production safety in enterprises, to strengthen safety education and skill training, to build a comprehensive information system for the prevention and control of work-related injuries, to strengthen supervision by public opinion, and to cultivate intermediary organizations.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R181.3

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