人丘脑的断层影像解剖及三维重建

发布时间：2018-07-04 12:09

本文选题：丘脑 + MRI　；参考：《重庆医科大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的和意义丘脑是间脑中最大的一部分，呈对称分布于第三脑室两侧的大卵圆形灰质复合体，大小约为3cm（矢径）×1.5cm（横径）×1.5（纵径），由许多功能性质不同的神经核团组成，内部被Y型的内髓板分为前核、内侧核和外侧核三大部分。丘脑接受身体内、外刺激所引起的所有冲动，经中继、整合后，最后投射到大脑皮质产生感觉和意识，是最大的皮质下接受站和中继站。长期以来丘脑的形态描述和体积测量等方面的研究均限于尸体。随着神经影像学技术的进步，使得在活体上观测丘脑及相关结构的形态改变成为可能，有望为诊断某些神经精神疾病提供真实可信的依据。基于此，本研究结合成人头部横断面形态及正常成人活体头部磁共振图片，研究丘脑及周围结构的正常解剖形态，并测量断面上丘脑横径、丘脑矢径、丘脑面积等多项线性指标；同时运用手工分割测量法，IBASPM自动分割测量法进行丘脑体积的测量，以期为正常成人丘脑形态数据的统一提供有价值的信息。并在此基础上运用Materialise’s Interactive Medical Image Control System (Mimics)10.0医学三维重建软件重建丘脑的可视化三维动态模型，以期从三维角度为临床诊疗提供丘脑等结构的正常形态学资料。方法和材料 1选取正常成人头部横断面标本30例（男17例，女13例），选用丘脑显示较好的室间孔层面对丘脑、尾状核头、壳等兴趣结构横径、矢径和面积，以及丘脑长度和丘脑宽度（长轴中点1/2垂线），内囊前肢、后肢与正中矢状面夹角，，侧脑室前角间距等数据进行测量。 2选取70例（男35例，女35例）经常规MR序列扫描证明健康成人，年龄20～45岁，平均30岁，右利手，经常规简易精神状态量表检查无异常。所有扫描均使用美国GE Signa HDxt3.0T MRI系统，扫描野包含整个大脑。采用三维快速扰相梯度回波序列获得全脑高分辨率图像，扫描参数：TR8.3ms，TI400ms，TE3.3ms， FA15o，矩阵256×256，Nex1，扫描视野24cm×24cm，无间隔连续扫描，层数156层，层厚1mm。 3选取30例（男性7例，女性23例）健康汉族成年人，使用GE3.0T核磁共振仪对丘脑进行斜冠状位MR扫描；3D BRAVO序列采集，扫描范围覆盖全脑，序列参数为：TR8.4，TE3.2，TI450，FOV24.0，NEX1，矩阵224×224；无间隔连续扫描，层厚1mm；扫描后所得数据传入ADW4.2图像处理工作站，测量丘脑长、丘脑宽、侧脑室前角间距等数据。同时运用手工分割测量法，IBASPM自动分割测量法进行丘脑体积的测量。 4选用1例丘脑的MRI平扫数据，利用Mimics医学三维重建软件，重建丘脑的可视化三维动态模型。结果第一部分丘脑的断层影像解剖一、丘脑的断面解剖在断面上经标准化后各组样本采用单因素方差分析，结果显示丘脑横径、丘脑矢径、丘脑长、丘脑宽、丘脑面积未见性差和侧差。方差齐性检验后利用Pearson相关分析，结果显示丘脑长与壳横径呈负相关；丘脑宽与壳矢径呈负相关；丘脑面积与尾状核头横径、尾状核头面积、壳横径、壳矢径、壳面积呈负相关。二、丘脑的MRI解剖 MRI成像显示丘脑矢径、丘脑长具有显著性差，丘脑横径、丘脑面积具有显著侧差。数据经方差齐性检验后，利用Pearson相关分析显示：丘脑矢径、丘脑长与尾状核头矢径、壳核矢径、壳核面积成负相关，丘脑宽与尾状核头矢径、壳核横径、壳核矢径、壳核面积成正相关。三、丘脑的体积测量手动测得丘脑体积及丘脑长存在显著性侧差（P0.05），其余各数据无显著性差异。手动测量法中与标准化丘脑体积相关程度最为密切的线性指标依次是丘脑长、侧脑室前角间距。IBASPM测量法中与标准化丘脑体积相关程度最为密切的线性指标是丘脑长。第二部分丘脑三维重建及临床应用应用Mimics10.01软件成功建立丘脑三维可视化模型，所获得的三维模型几何形态逼真。模型可以用不同颜色显示，可进行放大、缩小、旋转等多个方位的观察，利用Mimics软件测量工具可对模型进行测量分析。三维模型图像可保存为JPEG等格式，或录制成AVI格式动态输出。主要结论 (1)丘脑参数与其周围重要结构参数存在线性关系，丘脑周围结构的变化可作为研究丘脑形态变化的参考指标。 (2)丘脑长可作为丘脑形态变化的初筛指标。 (3)基于MRI薄层扫描数据重建的活体丘脑三维可视化模型，具有较高的真实性和准确性，可从三维角度为临床诊疗提供有关丘脑的正常形态学资料。
[Abstract]:Purpose and significance
The thalamus is the largest part of the diencephalon, a large oval gray complex distributed symmetrically on both sides of the third ventricle. The size is about 3cm (diameter) * 1.5cm (transverse diameter) * 1.5 (longitudinal diameter). It is composed of many nuclei with different functional properties. The internal medullary plate of the Y type is divided into the anterior nucleus, the medial nucleus and the lateral nucleus three parts. The thalamus accepts the body. All the impulses caused by external stimulation, followed by relay, were integrated, and finally projected into the cerebral cortex to produce sensations and consciousness, the largest subcortical reception station and relay station. Long term studies of the morphological description and volume measurement of the thalamus were limited to the corpses. With the progress of neuroimaging techniques, the thalamus and the thalamus were observed on the living body. In this study, the normal anatomy of the thalamus and its surrounding structures, the transverse diameter of the thalamus, the thalamus sagittal diameter, and the hillock were measured in combination with the adult head cross section morphology and the normal adult head magnetic resonance imaging. A number of linear indices such as the area of the brain, and the measurement of the volume of thalamus by the manual division measurement and IBASPM automatic segmentation, in order to provide valuable information for the unification of normal adult thalamus morphological data, and on this basis, use Materialise 's Interactive Medical Image Control System (Mimics) 10 medical three The 3D reconstruction software is used to reconstruct the visualized three-dimensional dynamic model of the thalamus in order to provide the normal morphological data of the thalamus and other structures for clinical diagnosis and treatment from a three-dimensional perspective.
Methods and materials
1 selected 30 cases of normal adult head cross section specimens (17 men, 13 women). The thalamus showed the better interventricular pore layer in the thalamus, the head of the caudate nucleus and the shell, the diameter and area, the length of the thalamus and the width of the thalamus (1/2 perpendicular to the middle point of the long axis), the anterior limb of the inner capsule, the angle of the posterior limb and the median sagittal plane, the distance between the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle and so on. According to the measurement.
2 70 cases (35 males and 35 females) were scanned by regular MR sequence scanning to prove that healthy adults were 20~45 years old, mean age of 30, right hand, and regular simple mental state examination without abnormality. All scans used the GE Signa HDxt3.0T MRI system in the United States, and the whole brain was included in the scan field. The whole brain was obtained by a three dimensional fast phase gradient echo sequence. High resolution image, scanning parameters: TR8.3ms, TI400ms, TE3.3ms, FA15o, matrix 256 x 256, Nex1, scanning visual field 24cm x 24cm, continuous scan without interval, layer number 156 layer, layer thickness 1mm.
3 3 healthy Han Adults (male 7, female 23) were selected to scan the thalamus with MR scan on the hypothalamus. The 3D BRAVO sequence was collected and the scanning range was covered with the whole brain. The sequence parameters were TR8.4, TE3.2, TI450, FOV24.0, NEX1, and matrix 224 x 224; no continuous septum scanning, layer thickness 1mm; the data obtained after scanning were sent to ADW. 4.2 the data of the length of thalamus, the width of thalamus and the space of the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle were measured by the 4.2 image processing station, and the volume of thalamus was measured by manual segmentation and automatic segmentation.
4 1 cases of thalamus MRI scan data were selected, and Mimics 3D reconstruction software was used to reconstruct the 3D dynamic model of the thalamus.
Result
The first part of the sectional anatomy of the thalamus
First, the sectional anatomy of the thalamus
A single factor analysis of variance was used on the cross-section of the samples. The results showed that the transverse diameter of thalamus, the thalamus sagittal diameter, the length of thalamus, the width of thalamus, the area of thalamus, and the side difference of the thalamus. After the homogeneity of variance, the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the length of thalamus was negatively correlated with the transverse diameter of the shell; the thalamus width was negatively correlated with the shell sagittal diameter; the thalamus surface was negatively correlated; the thalamus width was negatively correlated with the shell diameter. The transverse diameter of the caudate nucleus was negatively correlated with the area of the caudate nucleus, the transverse diameter of the shell, the diameter of the shell, and the shell area.
Two, MRI anatomy of the thalamus
MRI imaging showed the sagittal diameter of thalamus, the thalamus length had significant difference, the thalamus transverse diameter and the thalamus area had significant side difference. After the variance homogeneity test, the Pearson correlation analysis showed that the sagittal diameter of the thalamus, the length of the thalamus and the head of the caudate nucleus, the sagittal diameter of the putamen, the area of the putamen, the diameter of the thalamus, the diameter of the caudate nucleus, the transverse diameter of the putamen, the putamen The diameter of the shell is positively related to the area of the shell.
Three, the measurement of the volume of the thalamus
There was a significant lateral difference (P0.05) between the volume of thalamus and the length of thalamus by manual measurement. There was no significant difference in the rest of the data. The linear index, which was most closely related to the standard thalamus volume in the manual measurement, was in turn the length of the thalamus and the most close linear finger with the standard hypothalamus volume in the.IBASPM measurement of the lateral ventricle. The mark is the length of the thalamus.
Three dimensional reconstruction of the thalamus and its clinical application in second parts
The three-dimensional model of thalamus is successfully established by using Mimics10.01 software. The 3D model is realistic. The model can be displayed in different colors and can be observed in many directions, such as magnification, reduction, rotation and so on. The model can be measured by Mimics software measurement tools. The 3D model image can be stored as JPEG and so on. Or recorded as AVI format dynamic output.
Main conclusions
(1) there is a linear relationship between the thalamic parameters and the surrounding important structural parameters. The changes in the structure around the thalamus can be used as a reference index for studying the morphological changes of the thalamus.
(2) thalamic length can be used as a preliminary screening indicator for the morphological changes of the thalamus.
(3) the three-dimensional visualization model of the living thalamus based on the MRI TLC scanning data has high authenticity and accuracy. It can provide the normal morphological data of the thalamus for clinical diagnosis and treatment from the three-dimensional angle.
【学位授予单位】：重庆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：R322.81

【参考文献】