股骨近段骨干组配式假体的三维有限元分析

发布时间：2018-03-18 05:15

本文选题：股骨近端　切入点：骨干组配式假体　出处：《天津医科大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：(1)利用三维建模软件分别建立正常成人股骨模型和与之匹配的股骨近段骨干组配式假体模型；(2)便于研究分析,设立对照组、短钉组(假体辅助侧方钢板联合3枚单皮质骨螺钉)、长钉组(假体辅助侧方钢板联合1枚经颈螺钉和2枚单皮质骨螺钉)和三钉组(假体辅助侧方钢板联合3枚经颈螺钉和2枚单皮质骨螺钉)模型。3、在四组模型中,通过3D有限元分析方法横向研究比较对照组、短钉组、长钉组和三钉组中整体、假体、钢板、螺钉的应力分布；在横向研究的基础上设立纵向研究,即在对照组中固定远端柄长为8cm,分别设置近端柄长为1cm、2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm,观察整体、股骨、假体的应力分布。方法：(1)选择1例(40岁,70KG)健康男性影像学数据,将CT扫描数据导入Mimics10.0软件进行股骨初步三维重建,并以STL格式文件导出初步模型。将初步模型导入Geomagic Studio10.0软件再次完善,建立完整全股骨模型,以IGES格式保存。将完整模型导入ANSYS12.0有限元分析软件,并在该软件中建立股骨近端骨缺损模型和与之匹配的股骨近段骨干组配式假体简化模型。(2)在模型中,利用ANSYS12.0有限元分析软件模拟正常人行走周期中股骨承受的应力峰值,对模型施加相同的载荷和边界条件。通过分析计算,最终获得整体、假体、螺钉和股骨的应力分布。观进一步察并记录目标的Von Mises应力、Z轴应力和剪切应力数据。结果：(1)股骨近端骨干组配式假体适用于股骨骨干近端100mm以内的区域。(2)本次实验通过有限元分析认为：纵向观察时固定远端柄长为8cm时,改变近端柄长长度对整体、假体及骨自身的应力、应变并无明显影响,应力主要集中在远端柄体的内、外两侧；(3)本次实验通过有限元分析发现横向观察时按对照组、短钉组、长钉组和三钉组的观察次序,在包括压应力、拉应力、剪切应力的应力分析中,整体的应力逐渐减小,假体的应力略微增加,螺钉的应力增加,骨体的应力逐渐减少。三钉组的稳定性要优于长钉组,长钉组的优于短钉组,短钉组的优于对照组。结论：(1)股骨近端骨干组配式假体适用于股骨骨干近端100mm以内的区域。股骨近段骨干组配式假体重建股骨近端骨缺损后符合股骨生物力学特点,能够恢复了股骨完整性和应力传导。(2)本次实验通过有限元分析认为：纵向观察时固定远端柄长为8cm时,改变近端柄长长度对整体、假体及骨自身的应力、应变并无明显影响,应力主要集中在远端柄体的内外两侧；在残余髓腔长度允许的范围内,尽量使用长且粗的远端柄体以提高固定稳定性。(3)本次实验通过有限元分析发现横向观察时按对照组、短钉组、长钉组和三钉组的观察次序,在包括压应力、拉应力、剪切应力的应力分析中,整体的应力逐渐减小,假体的应力略微增加,螺钉的应力明显增加,骨体的应力逐渐减少。即三钉组的稳定性优于长钉组,长钉组的优于短钉组,短钉组的优于对照组。因此,在重建近端骨缺损时应尽量使用经颈长钉来固定。
[Abstract]:Objective: (1) using three-dimensional modeling software was used to build model and normal adult femur, proximal femoral shaft matched prosthesis model; (2) analysis for the establishment of the control group, the short nail group (prosthesis assisted lateral plate combined with 3 pieces of unicortical screws), long nail group (auxiliary prosthesis the 1 lateral plate combined with neck screws and 2 pieces of unicortical screws) and three nail group (3 prosthesis aided lateral plate combined with neck screws and 2 pieces of unicortical screws) model.3 in the four groups in the model, through the transverse study of 3D finite element analysis method compared to the control group, the short nail group, long nail group and three in the whole nail group, prosthesis, plate, screw stress distribution; set up a longitudinal study based on transverse research, namely in the control group in the distal fixed length 8cm were set up to handle, proximal length is 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, 5cm, observe the whole body. The stress distribution of femur prosthesis.
Methods: (1) 1 cases (40, 70KG) healthy male imaging data, CT scan data into Mimics10.0 software preliminary femoral 3D reconstruction, and to export STL format. The initial model will initially model into Geomagic Studio10.0 software again perfect, establish a complete model of the femur, in IGES format. The complete model into ANSYS12.0 finite element analysis software, and set up in the software in the proximal femoral bone defect model and matching with the proximal femoral shaft group with implants (2) simplified model. In the model, using ANSYS12.0 finite element analysis software to simulate the normal walking stress peak femur bear cycle. The applied load and the same boundary conditions of the model. Through analysis and calculation, finally get the whole prosthesis, the stress distribution of femur and screw. Observe and record the target concept further Von Mises Z stress, axial stress and shear stress Force data.
Results: (1) the proximal femoral shaft matched prosthesis for proximal femoral shaft within 100mm region. (2) this experiment through finite element analysis shows that the longitudinal observation of fixed distal stem length is 8cm, change the proximal length of the overall stress of prosthesis and bone itself. There was no significant effect of strain, stress mainly concentrated in the distal end of a handle body, on both sides; (3) the experiment through the finite element analysis show that transverse observation in control group, short nail group, long nail group and three nail group in order to observe, including compressive stress, tensile stress, shear stress the stress analysis, the overall stress decreases, the stress increased slightly prosthesis, increase the stress of the screw, the stress of the bone body gradually reduced. The stability of three nail group than the long nail group, long nail group than short nail group, short nail group than the control group.
Conclusion: (1) the proximal femoral shaft matched prosthesis for proximal femoral shaft within 100mm region. Biomechanical characteristics with proximal femoral shaft matched prosthesis bone defect of proximal femur, femoral can restore the integrity and stress transmission. (2) the experiment by Co. yuan analysis shows that the longitudinal observation of fixed distal long handle is 8cm, change the proximal length of the prosthesis and the bone stress, the strain is not significantly affected, the stress mainly concentrated in the distal end of a handle body on both sides; in the residual pulp cavity length allowed range, try to use the distal shank long and thick to improve the fixation stability. (3) this experiment through finite element analysis show that transverse observation in control group, short nail group, long nail group and three nail group in order to observe, including compressive stress, tensile stress, stress and shear stress of the whole. Should be Force decreases, the stress increased slightly prosthesis, the stress of screw was significantly increased, the stress of the bone body gradually reduced. The stability is better than three nail group long nail group and long nail group than short nail group, short nail group than the control group. Therefore, in the reconstruction of bone defect of proximal should be try to make the long neck nail.

【学位授予单位】：天津医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R318.17

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