颈椎关节囊应变与疼痛检测系统的实验研究

发布时间：2018-05-06 19:29

本文选题：挥鞭伤 + 颈椎关节囊　；参考：《重庆大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在交通事故伤情中，颈部损伤不但发生率较高，而且其造成的后遗症长期困扰着事故幸存者。典型的颈部损伤，通常情况下称之为挥鞭伤，多发生于追尾碰撞事故中。挥鞭伤的发生机制主要是由于颈椎关节囊的过度形变引起关节囊神经受激或受损从而产生疼痛。虽然越来越多的实验研究已经证实了这一挥鞭伤发生机制，但挥鞭伤时颈椎关节囊应变状况与其神经生理学之间的关系尚未具体明确。本文基于以上研究目的，提出了利用颈椎关节囊应变与疼痛检测系统测量挥鞭伤时颈椎关节囊的应变与神经放电活动，以进一步揭示二者的关系。本文的主要研究工作和成果包括： ①参考颈椎关节囊形态与结构，设计了实验模型的动物模型和物理模型。山羊颈椎因其在形态学上与人体颈椎相似，可作为动物实验模型。制作了物理模型用于颈椎关节囊应变检测系统的测试。 ②本文设计了颈椎关节囊应变检测系统，，用以测量挥鞭伤时颈椎关节囊应变状况。系统由关节囊应变传感器、测量电桥、放大电路、滤波电路、零偏校正电路和高速采集装置等组成。关节囊液态金属应变传感器由于测量大应变的需要，其输出为非线性，将通过非线性模型的阶次来控制传感器静态非线性模型的近似误差。对关节囊应变传感器进行标定，得出关节囊应变传感器静态非线性模型，并获得传感器的拟合误差、回差、重复性、灵敏度、分辨力、阈值和静态误差等静态指标。最后通过求近似反函数的方法来进行输出信号的反演。 ③针对挥鞭伤时颈椎关节囊疼痛检测需要，本文设计了颈椎关节囊疼痛检测系统。通过神经放电检测电极连接关节囊神经根，传导出疼痛信号，经A/D差分放大器后，利用高速记录主机进行数据采集，最终利用专用软件进行数据分析。由于挥鞭伤时的疼痛信号包含多个神经纤维传导的动作电位，因此，本文采用电刺激实验，先对关节囊各个区域对应的神经纤维放电动作电位进行筛选和甄别，并作为模板，与挥鞭伤模拟实验的神经放电数据进行匹配，最终获得不同关节囊区域对应的不同神经纤维放电的速率变换状况。 ④搭建了挥鞭伤模拟实验系统进行颈椎关节囊应变与疼痛检测系统的应用实验。挥鞭伤模拟实验系统包括挥鞭伤致伤平台、追尾碰撞数据采集系统、高速摄像系统和激光测速系统。完成颈椎关节囊应变检测系统的实验研究，最后提出了颈椎关节囊疼痛检测系统应用实验方案。
[Abstract]:In traffic accidents, the incidence of neck injuries is not only high, but also the sequelae caused by the accident survivors for a long time. Typical neck injuries, commonly known as whiplash injuries, often occur in rear-end collisions. The mechanism of whiplash injury is mainly caused by the excessive deformation of the cervical joint capsule, which results in the injury of the articular capsule nerve. Although more and more experimental studies have confirmed the mechanism of whiplash injury, the relationship between the strain of cervical joint capsule and its neurophysiology is not clear. In order to reveal the relationship between strain and nerve discharge activity of cervical joint capsule during whiplash injury, the strain and nerve discharge of cervical joint capsule were measured by using the cervical joint capsule strain and pain detection system. The main research work and achievements of this paper are as follows: 1 referring to the morphology and structure of cervical joint capsule, the animal model and physical model of the experimental model were designed. The goat cervical vertebrae can be used as an animal experimental model because it is morphologically similar to the human cervical vertebrae. A physical model was developed to test the strain detection system of cervical joint capsule. 2 the strain detection system of cervical joint capsule was designed to measure the strain of cervical joint capsule in whiplash injury. The system consists of joint capsule strain sensor, measuring bridge, amplifier circuit, filter circuit, zero offset correction circuit and high speed acquisition device. The liquid metal strain sensor of articular capsule needs to measure large strain and its output is nonlinear. The approximate error of the sensor's static nonlinear model will be controlled by the order of nonlinear model. The static nonlinear model of the joint capsule strain sensor is obtained by calibrating the sensor, and the static indexes such as fitting error, return error, repeatability, sensitivity, resolution, threshold value and static error are obtained. Finally, the output signal is inversed by approximate inverse function. 3 according to the need of cervical joint capsule pain detection in whiplash injury, a cervical joint capsule pain detection system was designed. The nerve nerve root of articular capsule is connected by nerve discharge detection electrode and the pain signal is transmitted. After Ar / D differential amplifier data acquisition is carried out by high speed recording host and finally data analysis is carried out by special software. Because the pain signal of whiplash injury contains action potential of multiple nerve fiber conduction, the electric stimulation experiment was used to screen and identify the corresponding action potential of nerve fiber discharge in each region of articular capsule, which was used as a template. Matching with the nerve discharge data from the whiplash injury simulation experiment, the different nerve fiber discharge rate changes corresponding to different joint capsule regions were obtained. (4) an experimental system was set up to test the strain and pain of cervical joint capsule. The simulation experimental system of whiplash injury includes a platform for whiplash injury, a data acquisition system for rear-end collision, a high-speed camera system and a laser velocimetry system. The experimental study of cervical joint capsule strain detection system was completed. Finally, the experimental scheme of cervical joint capsule pain detection system was put forward.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH789

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