罗布麻纤维的改性及纺纱性能研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 18:42

本文选题：罗布麻纤维 + 改性　；参考：《安徽工程大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：罗布麻属夹竹桃科,是一种多年生宿根野生草本植物。罗布麻纤维是一种具有优良物理机械性能和医疗保健功能的天然绿色纤维,被冠以“野生纤维之王”的美誉。其织物除具有一般麻织物所具有的品质外,还具有一定的抗菌、医疗保健及紫外线屏蔽功能,深受国内外消费者的喜爱。我国野生罗布麻资源非常丰富,尤其以新疆塔里木盆地东部的罗布麻生长最盛、产量最多。由于罗布麻本身的特点及脱胶工艺的不完善,罗布麻纤维在纺织加工过程中存在纤维表面光滑且无天然转曲、纤维刚度大、长度差异大的缺陷,致使罗布麻纤维在开松和梳理过程中落纤率较高,罗布麻纱条干不匀率较明显、强力低,不仅直接影响织造工序,而且还造成其制品精细程度小,使用寿命短,这无疑阻碍了罗布麻纤维及其制品的推广利用。目前我国大部分罗布麻资源还未被开发利用,造成了极大的资源浪费。鉴于以上问题,本课题首先对罗布麻纤维结构和性能进行分析研究；接着从改善纤维性能着手,对罗布麻纤维进行冷离子体改性处理、柔软改性和等离子体柔软剂联合改性,以改善罗布麻纤维表面光滑、纤维刚性大的缺陷,提高其纺纱性能；最后,对改性后罗布麻纤维进行纺纱实验,通过改变参数,得出获得高品质纱线的纺纱工艺。通过实验和测试分析得出结论如下： (1)罗布麻纤维表面光滑、无转曲,纤维的长度差异率较大,长度短于20mm的纤维所占比例较高。罗布麻纤维具有较高的断裂强度和初始模量但其断裂伸长率比较低,属高强低伸型纤维,纤维刚度大。 (2)等离子体改性处理技术在未对罗布麻纤维强伸性、组成成分产生显著影响的基础上,通过等离子体的表面刻蚀作用,对纤维的表面摩擦性能影响显著,提高了纤维间的抱合力。柔软处理后,纤维的柔软性能有较大改善,纤维的初始模量降幅较大,伸长率明显提高。 (3)在一定程度上清梳工序中落麻率与成纱质量密切相关。随着落麻的增加,环锭纱的断裂强度、摩擦次数呈不断提高的趋势,毛羽指数和细度不匀率逐渐降低。当落麻率高于40%时,纱线的各项性能指标变化趋于平缓。在对罗布麻纤维充分开松梳理的基础上,可通过控制落麻率,来调节成纱质量。 (4)在转杯纺实验中,转杯直径不同,成纱质量差异较大,转杯直径的选择是提高转杯纱质量的一个关键工艺参数。当转杯直径为32mm、转杯速度6500R/min、分梳辊转速8000R/min时所纺转杯纱的质量较高。(5)罗布麻纤维经等离子体、柔软改性及联合改性后,环锭纱与转杯纱的质量都有不同程度的提高。其中,等离子体处理对纱线的断裂强度、耐磨次数、细度不匀率的提高较明显。柔软改性和联合改性后,纱线的毛羽指数有明显改善。由此表明：在对纤维改性的基础上纺制高品质纯罗布麻纱具有一定的可行性。
[Abstract]:Apocynaceae is a perennial wild herb with perennial roots. Apocynum fiber is a kind of natural green fiber with excellent physical and mechanical properties and health care function, which is known as "king of wild fiber". Its fabric not only has the quality of general linen fabric, but also has certain antibacterial, medical care and ultraviolet shielding function, which is loved by consumers at home and abroad. The wild Apocynum in China is very rich, especially in the east of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang. Due to the characteristics of Apocynum and the imperfection of degumming technology, the fiber has the defects of smooth surface, no natural curl, large stiffness and great difference in length during the process of textile processing. As a result, the fiber drop rate is higher in the process of loosening and carding, and the yarn unevenness rate is obvious and the strength is low, which not only directly affects the weaving process, but also results in the small fineness and short service life of the products. This undoubtedly hinders the popularization and utilization of Apocynum fiber and its products. At present, most of the resources of Apocynum in China have not been exploited and utilized, resulting in a great waste of resources. In view of the above problems, the structure and properties of Apocynum fiber were analyzed and studied firstly, and then the cold ion-body modification, soft modification and plasma softener combination modification of Apocynum fiber were carried out in order to improve the fiber properties. In order to improve the defects of smooth surface and high fiber rigidity, the spinning performance of the modified apocynum fiber was improved. Finally, the spinning process of high quality yarn was obtained by changing the parameters. The results of the experiment and test analysis are as follows: 1) the surface of Apocynum fiber is smooth and has no twist, the fiber length difference rate is larger, and the proportion of fiber with shorter fiber length than 20mm is higher than that of Apocynum fiber. Apocynum fiber has high breaking strength and initial modulus, but its elongation at break is relatively low, so it belongs to high strength and low elongation fiber, and its stiffness is large. (2) the plasma modification technology has a significant effect on the surface friction properties of the fiber through the surface etching of plasma, on the basis of not having a significant effect on the tensile strength and composition of the fiber, and on the basis of the effect of plasma etching on the surface friction property of the fiber. The adhesion between fibers is improved. After soft treatment, the softness of the fiber was greatly improved, the initial modulus of the fiber was decreased greatly, and the elongation of the fiber was obviously increased. 3) to a certain extent, the falling rate and yarn quality are closely related in the carding process. With the increase of falling linen, the breaking strength and friction times of ring yarn are increasing, and the hairiness index and fineness unevenness decrease gradually. When the drop ratio of yarn is higher than 40, the change of yarn properties tends to be gentle. The yarn quality can be adjusted by controlling the falling rate on the basis of fully opening and carding of the apocynous fiber. 4) in the rotor spinning experiment, the yarn quality varies greatly with different rotor diameter, and the choice of rotor diameter is a key process parameter to improve rotor yarn quality. When the rotor diameter is 32mm, the rotor speed is 6500R / min, and the spinning speed is 8000R/min, the quality of spinning rotor yarn is higher. 5) after plasma, soft modification and combined modification, the quality of ring spinning yarn and rotor yarn are improved to some extent. Among them, the breaking strength, wear resistance and fineness unevenness of the yarn treated by plasma treatment are improved obviously. After soft modification and combined modification, the hairiness index of yarn is improved obviously. The results show that it is feasible to spinning high quality pure Apocynum yarn on the basis of fiber modification.
【学位授予单位】：安徽工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R318.08

【参考文献】