微小型多参数快速生化检测仪设计与实验
发布时间：2019-03-09 08:59
【摘要】：生化分析仪是临床检验中的一种必备检测仪器，它通过对血液或体液的检测来确定人体的各项生化指标，为医生诊断病人的病情提供科学依据。便携、快速、多参数、低成本、智能化的微小型生化检测仪是近年来生化分析仪器的一个重要发展方向。 本文针对战场、突发灾难等野外环境下快速检测伤病员重要生命特征参数的需求，，以肌酐（CRE）、氯离子（Cl~-）、钠离子（Na~+）、葡萄糖（Glu）、血糖（Hb）、二氧化碳（TCO_2）、钾离子（K~+）七种人体生命特征参数作为基本检测对象，提出了基于微型光谱仪的微小型多参数快速生化检测仪的新思想与新技术；突破了仪器系统结构设计和系统控制等关键技术；解决了高精度样品扫描、样品反应体系的高效恒温控制、高效率电源管理等技术难题；在系统各功能模块调试成功的基础上，结合应用软件，对研制出的微小型多参数快速生化检测仪原理样机的主要性能参数进行了测试分析，实验结果表明原理样机各项性能指标均达到设计要求。针对部分生命特征参数，开展了与标准检测方法的临床对比测试实验，测试结果表明，微小型多参数快速生化检测仪基本达到实用化的技术要求。 本文主要研究工作是： ①在研究分析国内外微小型生化检测仪研究现状和应用要求的基础上，针对战场、野外突发事件等环境下对人体多项生命特征参数的快速检测需求，提出基于微型光谱仪的微小型多参数快速生化检测仪的设计思想； ②研究了基于光谱分析的多生命特征参数的检测理论与方法，提出了基于微型光谱仪的微小型多参数快速生化检测仪的总体设计方案； ③在分析微小型多参数生化检测仪的功能需求的基础上，提出了系统总体结构方案；设计了集样品扫描、恒温控制、磁力搅拌等多种功能于一体的多功能模块集成样品检测池系统，完成了仪器系统的总体布局设计，实现了仪器的微小型化； ④基于微小型多参数快速生化检测仪信号检测与硬件控制的功能需求，提出了基于ARM9S3C2440核心板的嵌入式控制电路系统，设计了集电源管理、在线样品前处理（恒温和磁力搅拌）、样品扫描、数据采集处理、存储、显示、打印等多种功能于一体的嵌入式控制系统； ⑤对系统电源管理、温度控制、串口、搅拌和样品扫描等模块进行测试，各功能模块正常；结合应用软件，对微小型多参数快速生化检测仪原理样机的主要性能参数进行了测试，实验结果表明原理样机各项性能指标均达到设计要求；针对Hb、Glu和Na~+三项生命特征参数，开展了样机与标准实验室分析方法的临床对比测试实验研究，测得的最大相对误差为-6.63%，最小相关系数的平方R~2为0.973，临床对比实验结果表明，微小型多参数快速生化检测仪原理样机基本达到实用化的技术要求。
[Abstract]:Biochemical analyzer is a necessary testing instrument in clinical examination. It determines the biochemical indexes of human body by testing the blood or body fluid, and provides scientific basis for doctors to diagnose the patient's condition. Portable, fast, multi-parameter, low-cost, intelligent micro-biochemical detector is an important development direction of biochemical analysis instrument in recent years. In order to meet the requirements of rapid detection of vital life parameters in battlefield and disaster environment, creatinine (CRE), chloride ion (Cl~-), sodium ion (Na~), glucose (Glu), blood glucose (Hb), were used in this paper. Seven life characteristic parameters of human body, such as carbon dioxide (TCO_2) and potassium ion (K ~), are taken as the basic detection objects. A new idea and technology of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector based on micro-spectrometer is proposed. It breaks through the key technologies such as system structure design and system control, solves the technical problems such as high precision sample scanning, high efficiency constant temperature control of sample reaction system, high efficiency power management, etc. On the basis of the successful debugging of each functional module of the system, combined with the application software, the main performance parameters of the principle prototype of the micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector have been tested and analyzed. The experimental results show that all the performance indexes of the prototype meet the design requirements. According to some life characteristic parameters, the clinical contrast test with the standard method is carried out. The results show that the micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector basically meets the practical technical requirements. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1 on the basis of the research and analysis of the research status and application requirements of the micro-biochemical detector at home and abroad, aiming at the battlefield, The design idea of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector based on micro-spectrometer is put forward to meet the requirement of rapid detection of multiple life parameters in the environment of field emergencies. (2) the theory and method of detecting multi-life characteristic parameters based on spectral analysis are studied, and the overall design scheme of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector based on micro-spectrometer is put forward. 3Based on the analysis of the functional requirements of the micro-and multi-parameter biochemical detector, the overall structure of the system is put forward. A multi-function module integrated sample detection cell system is designed, which integrates the functions of sample scanning, constant temperature control, magnetic stirring and so on. The overall layout of the instrument system is designed and the microminiaturization of the instrument is realized. 4 based on the functional requirements of signal detection and hardware control of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector, an embedded control circuit system based on ARM9S3C2440 core board is proposed, and the integrated power management is designed. On-line sample pre-processing (constant temperature and magnetic stirring), sample scanning, data acquisition, processing, storage, display, printing and other functions in an integrated embedded control system; 5 the system power management, temperature control, serial port, stirring and sample scanning modules are tested, each functional module is normal; Combined with the application software, the main performance parameters of the principle prototype of the micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector are tested. The experimental results show that all the performance indexes of the principle prototype meet the design requirements. According to the life characteristic parameters of Hb,Glu and Na~, the clinical comparative test of prototype and standard laboratory analysis method was carried out. The maximum relative error was-6.63%, and the square R ~ 2 of the minimum correlation coefficient was 0.973, the maximum relative error was-6.63%, and the minimum correlation coefficient was 0.973, the relative error was-6.63%. The results of clinical comparative experiments show that the principle prototype of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector basically meets the practical technical requirements.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH776
本文编号：2437298
[Abstract]:Biochemical analyzer is a necessary testing instrument in clinical examination. It determines the biochemical indexes of human body by testing the blood or body fluid, and provides scientific basis for doctors to diagnose the patient's condition. Portable, fast, multi-parameter, low-cost, intelligent micro-biochemical detector is an important development direction of biochemical analysis instrument in recent years. In order to meet the requirements of rapid detection of vital life parameters in battlefield and disaster environment, creatinine (CRE), chloride ion (Cl~-), sodium ion (Na~), glucose (Glu), blood glucose (Hb), were used in this paper. Seven life characteristic parameters of human body, such as carbon dioxide (TCO_2) and potassium ion (K ~), are taken as the basic detection objects. A new idea and technology of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector based on micro-spectrometer is proposed. It breaks through the key technologies such as system structure design and system control, solves the technical problems such as high precision sample scanning, high efficiency constant temperature control of sample reaction system, high efficiency power management, etc. On the basis of the successful debugging of each functional module of the system, combined with the application software, the main performance parameters of the principle prototype of the micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector have been tested and analyzed. The experimental results show that all the performance indexes of the prototype meet the design requirements. According to some life characteristic parameters, the clinical contrast test with the standard method is carried out. The results show that the micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector basically meets the practical technical requirements. The main research work of this paper is as follows: 1 on the basis of the research and analysis of the research status and application requirements of the micro-biochemical detector at home and abroad, aiming at the battlefield, The design idea of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector based on micro-spectrometer is put forward to meet the requirement of rapid detection of multiple life parameters in the environment of field emergencies. (2) the theory and method of detecting multi-life characteristic parameters based on spectral analysis are studied, and the overall design scheme of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector based on micro-spectrometer is put forward. 3Based on the analysis of the functional requirements of the micro-and multi-parameter biochemical detector, the overall structure of the system is put forward. A multi-function module integrated sample detection cell system is designed, which integrates the functions of sample scanning, constant temperature control, magnetic stirring and so on. The overall layout of the instrument system is designed and the microminiaturization of the instrument is realized. 4 based on the functional requirements of signal detection and hardware control of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector, an embedded control circuit system based on ARM9S3C2440 core board is proposed, and the integrated power management is designed. On-line sample pre-processing (constant temperature and magnetic stirring), sample scanning, data acquisition, processing, storage, display, printing and other functions in an integrated embedded control system; 5 the system power management, temperature control, serial port, stirring and sample scanning modules are tested, each functional module is normal; Combined with the application software, the main performance parameters of the principle prototype of the micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector are tested. The experimental results show that all the performance indexes of the principle prototype meet the design requirements. According to the life characteristic parameters of Hb,Glu and Na~, the clinical comparative test of prototype and standard laboratory analysis method was carried out. The maximum relative error was-6.63%, and the square R ~ 2 of the minimum correlation coefficient was 0.973, the maximum relative error was-6.63%, and the minimum correlation coefficient was 0.973, the relative error was-6.63%. The results of clinical comparative experiments show that the principle prototype of micro-multi-parameter fast biochemical detector basically meets the practical technical requirements.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：TH776
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