个性化股骨头假体建模系统的设计与实现

发布时间：2018-01-20 08:51

本文关键词： 人工股骨头假体量身定制自动分割反求重构　出处：《大连理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：股骨头缺血性坏死(ANFH)是一种世界性疾病,针对这种疾病一种常规的治疗手段是半髋关节人工股骨头置换,而人工股骨头假体与髋臼的匹配程度,直接影响着手术效果。目前临床上使用的股骨头假体均采用标准件的生产和供应模式,然而不同患者之间骨骼形状存在很大差异,普通零件式股骨头假体难以适应不同患者的个性化要求,因此人工股骨头假体的设计必然朝量身定制的方向发展。为了解决这个问题,必须利用患者自身生物特征参数,借助现代计算机技术和现代加工技术制造出与患者髋臼结构相匹配的个性化人工股骨头假体,最大限度恢复患者的生理功能。目前针对股骨头假体模型重构的研究方案大多是利用多病例样本条件下的概率统计优化结果,没有合理使用患者自身的生物特征参数,缺乏科学根据,不能重构吻合匹配状态下目标假体模型的状态,缺乏系统性的重构方案。本文从这些亟待解决的问题入手,对股骨头假体模型个性化重构前的髋臼自动分割过程进行了系统研究,并讨论了目前最新提出的球头模型的两种反求重构方案。最后,基于MFC界面框架和OpenCV、MITK以及VTK等计算机视觉和图像处理库,对整个自动分割部分进行了实现,并整合模型重构程序成为一个完整的系统,获得了股骨头建模的关键技术。
[Abstract]:Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (ANFH) is a worldwide disease. A conventional treatment for this disease is the replacement of the artificial femoral head of the half hip and the matching degree between the prosthesis of the femoral head and the acetabulum. The current clinical use of femoral head prostheses are standard parts of the production and supply mode, however, there are significant differences in bone shape among different patients. It is difficult to adapt the individual requirements of different patients to the common part-type femoral head prosthesis, so the design of artificial femoral head prosthesis must develop in the direction of tailor-made. In order to solve this problem. It is necessary to make use of the patient's own biometric parameters and modern computer technology and modern processing technology to produce a personalized artificial femoral head prosthesis that matches the acetabular structure of the patient. At present, most of the research programs for reconstruction of femoral head prosthesis model are based on the probability and statistical optimization results under the condition of multi-case sample. There is no reasonable use of patients' own biometric parameters, lack of scientific basis, unable to reconstruct the state of the target prosthesis model in matching state. There is no systematic reconstruction scheme. This paper studies the automatic acetabular segmentation process before personalized reconstruction of femoral head prosthesis model. Finally, based on the MFC interface framework, OpenCVG MITK and VTK computer vision and image processing libraries are discussed. The whole automatic segmentation part is realized, and the model reconfiguration program is integrated into a complete system, and the key technology of femoral head modeling is obtained.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R687;TP391.41

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