椎体成形术流体注入系统

发布时间：2018-02-12 08:06

  本文关键词： 经皮椎体成形术 AVR微处理器 MSP43微处理器 MODBUS通讯协议　出处：《山东大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经皮椎体成形术和经皮椎体后凸成形术是近年来发展起来的新型微创脊柱外科技术,是椎体良、恶性肿瘤及骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折最有效的治疗手段。手术的治疗原理是在透视引导下,通过经皮穿刺的方法,将骨填充材料注射入病变的椎体内,或通过球囊扩张,在椎体内产生空腔,然后注入骨水泥,从而达到支撑病变椎体,缓解患者疼痛的目的。手术中,在用带表加压器向球囊内注射对比剂扩张球囊和用螺旋推进器向椎体内注射骨水泥时,需要医生在X射线的监视下实时监控,时间一般需要3-5分钟或更长,辐射对操作者造成的损害,成为阻碍该项技术推广中遇到的一个不容忽视的因素。为了降低辐射对操作者的损害,我们设计了一种辅助设备,可以在防护玻璃后远距离进行操作,和带表加压器或螺旋推进器配套使用,向球囊内注射对比剂或向椎体内注射骨水泥,避免手术医生X光的辐射,保护了操作者的健康。椎体成形术中,手术的安全性主要取决于医生手术穿刺的位置是否准确,骨水泥注射时是否出现泄漏,而骨水泥出现泄漏的原因,通常是因为注射时的水泥状态还未到牙膏期(不够粘稠),其次是手术操作医生,为了减少X射线的辐射,没有实时监控骨水泥的分布形态,当骨水泥到达椎体后壁或椎体旁静脉丛显影时,未能及时停止注射。我们研发的椎体成形术流体注入系统就是代替医生的双手推注,可以让医生在注射的全程进行实时监控,从而减小了骨水泥泄漏的风险。本文设计了一种远程椎体成形术流体注入系统是根据临床需要开发的一种新型设备,整个系统分为注射执行部分与遥控部分。注射执行部分由电机控制、电源系统、数值状态显示、压力测量、无线通信等模块组成；遥控部分由数值状态显示、键盘输入、编码器输入、电池电源模块、无线模块通信模块、数据分析及异常检测等模块组成。该系统注射执行部分采用Atmel公司的AVR微处理器作为核心处理器,遥控部分采用TI公司的MSP430作为核心处理器,以MODICOM公司开发的MODBUS作为通讯协议,MODBUS协议有远程终端(RTU)和ASCⅡ两种方式。MODBUS的核心结构是一主多从的总线形式。挂在总线上的设备,只能有一个主站,其他的都是从站。主站的特权是能发起一次通讯过程,每个从站对应唯一的地址码,主站发出的命令帧会带有发给相应从站的地址码。所有从站接收到这个命令帧,只有自身地址码和命令帧中地址码一致的从站才会响应该命令,并组织回送命令帧,回送命令帧中带有本从站的地址码。
[Abstract]:Percutaneous vertebroplasty and percutaneous kyphoplasty are new minimally invasive spinal surgery techniques developed in recent years. The most effective treatment for malignant tumors and osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures is to inject bone filling materials into the diseased vertebrae or to expand by balloon under the guidance of fluoroscopy and percutaneous puncture. A cavity is created in the body of the vertebra, and then bone cement is injected to support the diseased vertebral body and relieve the pain of the patient. When injecting a contrast agent into the balloon with a table pressurizer and injecting bone cement into the vertebral body with a screw thruster, a doctor is required to monitor it in real time under X-ray surveillance, usually for 3-5 minutes or more. The damage caused by radiation to the operator has become a factor that can not be ignored in the popularization of the technology. In order to reduce the damage caused by radiation to the operator, we have designed a kind of auxiliary equipment. It can be operated at a distance behind the protective glass, used in conjunction with a watch charger or screw propeller, injected with contrast agent into the balloon or bone cement into the vertebral body to avoid X-ray radiation from the surgeon. In vertebroplasty, the safety of the operation depends mainly on whether the location of the puncture is accurate, whether there is leakage during the injection of bone cement, and the cause of the leakage of bone cement. It's usually because the cement at the time of the injection is not yet toothpaste (not thick enough, followed by the surgeon), and in order to reduce X-ray radiation, there is no real-time monitoring of the distribution of bone cement. When the cement reached the posterior wall of the vertebra or the vein plexus adjacent to the vertebra, it failed to stop the injection in time. The fluid injection system we developed for vertebroplasty was designed to replace the doctor's hands and allow the doctor to monitor the whole process of the injection in real time. In order to reduce the risk of bone cement leakage, this paper designed a kind of long-distance vertebroplasty fluid injection system, which is a new type of equipment developed according to clinical needs. The whole system is divided into injection execution part and remote control part. The injection execution part is composed of motor control, power supply system, numerical state display, pressure measurement, wireless communication and so on; the remote control part is composed of numerical state display, keyboard input, etc. Encoder input module, battery power module, wireless module communication module, data analysis and abnormal detection module, etc. The injection execution part of the system uses AVR microprocessor of Atmel company as the core processor. The remote control part uses TI's MSP430 as the core processor, MODBUS developed by MODICOM as the communication protocol and ASC 鈪，

本文编号：1505163