脑深部电刺激手术专用随动式微型立体定向框架生成算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 22:34

本文选题：脑深部电刺激　切入点：立体定向　出处：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：脑深部电刺激手术是一种治疗帕金森和癫痫等运动障碍疾病的有效方法。它通过在脑部基底神经节处置放脑起搏器,刺激脑部相应区域来改善症状。实施脑深部电刺激手术需要用到立体定向技术,该技术帮助医生对颅内目标点进行精确定位。传统的有框架立体定向技术依赖于一系列复杂的设备,手术中医生需要将病人的头部固定于框架上,同时病人需要保持清醒,以便医生进行电刺激测试。长时间的手术令许多病人感到非常痛苦,他们无法忍受沉重的立体定向框架对头部的限制。基于这个原因,本文提出一种新型随动式微型立体定向系统,该系统中的立体定向框架可随病人头部移动,减轻了病人的痛苦,同时框架无需校准,缩短了手术的时间。文章着重研究了立体定向系统中微型框架的生成算法,具体内容如下:(1)医学图像处理。使用ITK完成DICOM文件的读取、插值和显示,CT和MR图像的配准融合。(2)框架生成算法研究。根据体数据建立立体定向坐标系,完成脑部目标点、头骨开孔点、螺钉点物理坐标的获取。设计算法计算立体定向框架的坐标信息,依靠OpenGL实现框架的三维建模,最后将框架模型保存为STL文件。(3)头骨模型实验。设计实验模拟脑深部电刺激手术,根据医用头骨模型制作模型专用的立体定向框架,安装框架后对立体定向的结果进行CT扫描,根据扫描后的图像计算出框架误差,并与CRW框架的误差进行对比,验证其准确度。经实验表明,本文提出的框架生成算法能够根据病人脑部的医学图像数据,通过OpenGL快速准确的生成病人专用的微型立体定向框架模型。该模型经三维成型技术制作出来后,可以在脑深部电刺激手术实施的过程中帮助医生控制探针进入患者头部的位置和姿态,实现对脑起搏器植入的精确定位。实验平均误差0.76 0.05mm,vector误差1.68 0.33,达到了脑深部电刺激的要求。
[Abstract]:Deep brain electrical stimulation is an effective way to treat motor disorders such as Parkinson's and epilepsy by disposing of pacemakers in the basal ganglia of the brain. Stimulating the appropriate regions of the brain to improve symptoms. Stereotactic techniques are needed to perform deep brain electrical stimulation. The technology helps doctors pinpoint intracranial targets. Traditional framed stereotactic techniques rely on a series of complex devices, where doctors need to fix the patient's head to the frame while the patient stays awake. So that doctors can do electrical stimulation tests. For a long period of surgery, many patients feel very painful, they can't stand the heavy stereotaxic framework on the head restrictions. For this reason, In this paper, a new type of following micro stereotactic system is proposed, in which the stereotactic frame can move with the head of the patient, which can alleviate the pain of the patient, and the frame does not need calibration at the same time. In this paper, we focus on the generation algorithm of micro frame in stereotactic system. The details are as follows: 1) Medical image processing. ITK is used to read the DICOM file. Interpolation and display of CT and Mr image registration fusion. The algorithm of frame generation is studied. The stereotactic coordinate system is established according to volume data to complete the brain target point and skull hole point. Design algorithm to calculate the coordinate information of the stereotactic frame, and realize the 3D modeling of the frame by OpenGL. Finally, the frame model was saved as STL file. (3) skull model experiment was designed to simulate deep brain stimulation. According to the medical skull model, a special stereotactic frame was made, and the results of stereotactic orientation were scanned by CT after the frame was installed. The frame error is calculated according to the scanned image and compared with the error of CRW frame to verify its accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed frame generation algorithm can be based on the medical image data of the patient's brain. The micro stereotactic frame model for patients was created quickly and accurately by OpenGL. It can help doctors control the position and posture of the probe into the patient's head during the operation of deep brain stimulation. The experimental average error was 0.76 0.05mm vector error 1.680.33, which met the requirement of deep brain stimulation.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R651.1;TP391.41

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