新型单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器的研制与生物力学实验

发布时间：2018-04-11 14:28

本文选题：股骨骨折 + 单边骨外固定器　；参考：《南昌大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：目的:通过测试单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器和传统AO骨外固定器在股骨干短斜形骨折模型中轴向压缩、水平扭转、三点弯曲的生物力学特性,对比总结单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器生物力学特点,为下一步临床研究提供可靠的理论依据。方法:选取长度、髓腔直径值相仿的成人防腐股骨标本10根,经大体观察及X线片排除畸形、骨病等,剔除肌肉等软组织。将同一具尸体左右侧股骨标本随机分为单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器(实验组)、传统AO骨外固定器(对照组)。人为造成股骨中上1/3段短斜形骨折,安装骨外固定器,将已打上外固定架的股骨安装在万能试验机、扭转试验机、Zwick材料试验机上分别进行轴向压缩、水平扭转、三点弯曲实验;试验机电脑及采集图像处理机记录每次的实验相关数据,并将收集到的数据输入试验机自带的计算机中,使用SPSS18.0软件对所有数据进行统计学分析,判定两种内固定物的力学特征,评价其意义。结果:1.载荷位移实验组和对照组之间通过计量资料的t检验得到P均0.05,两组实验数据没有显著差异,说明新型单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器在与AO骨外固定器在轴向稳定性上没有什么显著差异,符合临床应用标准。2.扭转试验实验组和对照组之间通过两组间计量资料的t检验得到在扭力为10Nm、20Nm、30Nm时,P0.05,试验组和对照组没有明显差异,说明单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器在与AO骨外固定器在抗旋转能力上没有什么显著差异,但是当扭力为40Nm时,对照组的牢稳性优于实验组,证明单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器在这时抗扭转能力较传统AO骨外固定器稍差,在扭力为40Nm时实验组的扭转角度增加的8.68%。3.载荷-弯曲位移实验组和对照组在100N、200N、400N之间通过计量资料两组间t检验得到P0.05,两组实验数据没有显著差异,说明新型单边多平面骨外固定器在与AO骨外固定器在侧方及前后弯曲在以上力度下没有显著差异,但是在600N的情况下,对照组的稳定性明显优于实验组,证明传统AO骨外固定器在完全载重时抗弯曲能力较新型单边骨外固定器较强。结论:1.单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器实现了穿针优先,灵活空间的结构。骨外固定装置能对骨折实验对象进行对位对线解剖复位,提高了临床操作上手度、方便治疗期间的调整。2.单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器一倍体重下(600N)达到坚强的轴向固定,具有良好稳定的力学结构,在侧弯应力下由于采用“外向节”结构,多平面穿针后抵抗弯曲和扭转的力量稍差,在2/3(400N)倍体重下仍可保持稳定性。3.为了提高单边多平面多轴可调式骨外固定器的稳定性,还要继续改进其单边结构,使其更加稳定。
[Abstract]:Objective: to test the biomechanical characteristics of unilateral multiplanar multiaxial adjustable external fixator and traditional AO external fixator in femoral shaft short oblique fracture model with axial compression horizontal torsion and three point bending.The biomechanical characteristics of single-sided multi-planar multi-axis adjustable external fixator were compared and summarized to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the next clinical study.Methods: ten adult antiseptic femur specimens of similar length and diameter of medullary cavity were selected. The soft tissue such as muscle and muscle were excluded by gross observation and X-ray film.The left and right femur specimens of the same cadaver were randomly divided into unilateral multiplanar multiaxial adjustable external fixator (experimental group) and traditional AO external fixator (control group).In order to cause the short oblique fracture in the middle and upper third of the femur, an external fixator was installed, and the femur which had been attached to the external fixator was installed in the universal testing machine. The torsion tester Zwick material testing machine carried out axial compression, horizontal torsion and three-point bending respectively.The computer and image processor record the relevant data of each experiment, and input the collected data into the computer of the testing machine, and use SPSS18.0 software to analyze all the data statistically.To determine the mechanical characteristics of two kinds of internal fixators and evaluate their significance.The result is 1: 1.There was no significant difference between the load displacement test group and the control group through the t test of the measurement data (P 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the experimental data.The results showed that there was no significant difference in axial stability between the new type of single sided multiplanar multiaxial adjustable external fixator and AO external fixator, which was in line with the clinical application standard. 2.In torsion test group and control group, when the torsion force was 10 Nm ~ 20 Nm ~ 30 Nm, there was no significant difference between the test group and the control group through the t test of measuring data between the two groups, and there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group.The results showed that there was no significant difference in the anti-rotation ability between the unilateral multi-plane multi-axis adjustable external fixator and AO external fixator, but when the torque was 40Nm, the stability of the control group was better than that of the experimental group.The results showed that the anti-torsion ability of unilateral multi-plane and multi-axis adjustable external fixator was slightly worse than that of traditional AO external fixator. The torsion angle of experimental group increased by 8.68.3. when the torsion force was 40Nm.The load-bending displacement test group and the control group obtained P0.05 by t test in the range of 100Nm ~ 200Nm ~ 400N, and there was no significant difference in the experimental data between the two groups.The results showed that there was no significant difference between the lateral and anteroposterior bending of the new unilateral multi-plane external fixator and AO external fixator, but the stability of the control group was significantly better than that of the experimental group at 600N.It is proved that the traditional AO external fixator has stronger bending resistance than the new unilateral external fixator at full load.Conclusion 1.Single-sided multi-plane multi-axis adjustable external fixator realizes the structure of needle priority and flexible space.The external fixation device can be used for the anatomical reduction of the experimental object of fracture, which can improve the upper hand degree of clinical operation and facilitate the adjustment of .2. during the treatment period.Single side multiplane multiaxial adjustable external fixator with a single body weight of 600 Ns) achieves a strong axial fixation with a good and stable mechanical structure. Under lateral bending stress, due to the use of "extroversion" structure,The resistance to bending and torsion is slightly lower after the multiplanar needle piercing, and can remain stable at 2 / 3400 N) times the body weight. 3. 3.In order to improve the stability of single side multi-plane multi-axis adjustable external fixator, it is necessary to improve its single-sided structure and make it more stable.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R683

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