关注脊柱外科手术后的深静脉血栓:预防及治疗

发布时间：2018-06-08 10:51

本文选题：脊柱 + 深静脉血栓形成　；参考：《中国组织工程研究》2017年27期

【摘要】：背景:目前国内外对于脊柱手术术后患者下肢深静脉血栓的发病率存在较大的分歧,对于脊柱手术后深静脉血栓的预防尚未形成统一的看法。目的:分析脊柱术后深静脉血栓预防的进展。方法:从中国知网以及Pub Med数据库搜索并经过筛选的1993年1月至2016年1月与脊柱术后深静脉血栓预防相关的41篇文献,对其当前的预防方法、预防措施以及危险因素、发病率等方面进行总结。结果与结论:①随着手术技术的提高及医疗器械的发展,许多新技术、新器械及生物材料被广泛地应用于脊柱外科,同时复杂性、困难性手术的增加、手术创伤的加大及手术时间的延长,脊柱术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的风险也逐年增加,发病率呈现上升的趋势;②脊柱术后深静脉血栓的预防手段与方式在不断丰富,目前分级预防方式较为成熟有效;③医护人员行静脉穿刺或注射应尽量选择上肢建立静脉通道,避免下肢静脉血管的损伤;④未来的研究应进一步明确脊柱手术后患者深静脉血栓形成的流行病学特点,相关干预的时机与时限,以及有效的药物及物理干预方法。
[Abstract]:Background: at present, the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in lower extremity after spinal surgery in patients at home and abroad has great differences, and the prevention of deep vein thrombosis after spinal surgery has not yet formed a unified view. Objective: to analyze the progress of prophylaxis of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery. Methods: from January 1993 to January 2016, 41 articles related to the prevention of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery were searched and screened from Chinese knowledge net and Pub Med database. The current prevention methods, preventive measures and risk factors were analyzed. The incidence rate is summarized. Results and conclusion with the improvement of surgical techniques and the development of medical instruments, many new techniques, new devices and biomaterials have been widely used in spinal surgery. With the increase of surgical trauma and the prolongation of operation time, the risk of deep vein thrombosis in lower extremity after spinal surgery is increasing year by year, and the incidence of deep vein thrombosis is increasing. At present, the method of grading prevention is more mature and effective. The medical staff should choose the upper limb to establish the vein passage as far as possible to avoid the injury of vein vessel of lower extremity. 4Future studies should further clarify the epidemiological characteristics of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery, the timing and time limit of relevant interventions, and effective drug and physical intervention methods.
【作者单位】：南昌大学江西医学院;南昌大学第一附属医院脊柱外科;
【分类号】：R687.3

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