虚拟手术中软组织物理建模的优化及GPU并行加速

发布时间：2018-06-11 20:07

本文选题：软组织建模 + GPU并行加速　；参考：《河北大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：虚拟手术作为新兴的研究方向正在逐步发展起来,它是将生物力学、材料学、医学、计算机图形学、机械力学等诸多学科结合起来的一门新兴交叉学科。虚拟手术的目的是使用计算机(主要是计算机图形学与虚拟现实)来模拟、指导医学手术所涉及的各种过程。传统手术存在高风险,术后效果不理想等问题,而手术的效果受医生的个人业务水平影响,利用虚拟手术系统,医生则可以在术前进行手术演练,把通过成像设备获取的病人图像信息导入仿真系统,这样医生就可以根据虚拟手术对将要进行的真实手术步骤等作出相应的调整或修改,或者对手术进行较精确的前期测量和估算,从而预见手术的复杂性。作为虚拟手术的操作对象,人体器官模型的真实性与准确性直接影响了虚拟手术的可靠性,一个不受医生和病人信任的虚拟手术系统是没有存在价值的,因此可以说虚拟手术中软组织建模这部分是虚拟手术这个领域中尤为重要的部分。因为肝脏具有典型人体组织的特性,所以本文选取肝脏作为研究对象,探讨了人体软组织系统物理建模过程中关于真实性、实时性和精确性的问题。本文的具体研究内容包括以下几点:(1)为了提高形变仿真的真实度,本文在前人带有体弹簧的质点弹簧的基础上,加入了弹簧的阻尼系数,将传统的质点弹簧进行了升级,使仿真能显示肝脏循序渐进的变化。(2)为了获得弹簧的弹性系数,我们做了真实肝脏软组织的穿刺实验,通过MATLAB的拟合仿真和后期的计算,我们获得了真实肝脏软组织的黏性系数,然后再根据公式转换为每根弹簧的弹性系数,并加入到质点弹簧系统中。(3)为了提高仿真的实时性,本文引入了GPU并行加速的方法,将原CPU的部分计算功能转移到GPU中,通过GPU的并行计算,提高了仿真效率,减小了仿真的时间,达到了虚拟手术对仿真实时性的要求。
[Abstract]:Virtual surgery, as a new research direction, is a new interdisciplinary subject which combines biomechanics, material science, medicine, computer graphics, mechanical mechanics and so on. The purpose of virtual surgery is to use computer (mainly computer graphics and virtual reality) to simulate and guide the various processes involved in medical surgery. There are many problems in traditional surgery, such as high risk, poor postoperative effect, and the effect of operation is affected by the doctor's personal professional level. Using virtual surgery system, doctors can perform surgical exercises before operation. The patient image information obtained by the imaging equipment is imported into the simulation system, so that the doctor can adjust or modify the actual procedure to be performed according to the virtual operation. Or more accurate preliminary measurements and estimates of the operation to foresee the complexity of the operation. As the operating object of virtual surgery, the authenticity and accuracy of human organ model directly affect the reliability of virtual surgery. A virtual surgery system which is not trusted by doctors and patients has no value. So it can be said that soft tissue modeling in virtual surgery is an important part in the field of virtual surgery. Because the liver has the characteristic of typical human tissue, this paper selects the liver as the research object, and discusses the problems of authenticity, real-time and accuracy in the process of physical modeling of human soft tissue system. In order to improve the reality of deformation simulation, based on the mass spring with body spring, the damping coefficient of spring is added to upgrade the traditional mass spring. In order to get the elastic coefficient of spring, we have done the puncture experiment of the real liver soft tissue, through the simulation of MATLAB and the later calculation. We obtain the viscosity coefficient of the real liver soft tissue, then convert it into the elastic coefficient of each spring according to the formula, and add it to the mass spring system.) in order to improve the real-time performance of the simulation, the GPU parallel acceleration method is introduced in this paper. Part of the computing function of the original CPU is transferred to the GPU. Through the parallel computation of the GPU, the efficiency of simulation is improved, the time of simulation is reduced, and the requirement of real-time simulation of virtual surgery is achieved.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R61;TP391.9

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