甲状腺术中损伤甲状旁腺的原位保留与自体移植对甲状旁腺功能影响的对比研究
本文选题:甲状腺手术 + 甲状旁腺 ; 参考:《昆明医科大学》2016年硕士论文
【摘要】:[目的]:通过模拟甲状腺全切除术中甲状旁腺不同类型的原位损伤情况建立动物模型,研究不同程度的甲状旁腺原位损伤对术后甲状旁腺功能恢复的影响。[方法]:以实验家兔为研究对象,随机分为A、B、C、D四组,每组8只,A组(假手术组):单纯暴露、探查甲状腺、甲状旁腺;B组(血供损伤组):双侧甲状腺全切除+双侧下甲状旁腺血供损伤保留被膜;C组(被膜损伤组)双侧甲状腺全切除+双侧下甲状旁腺被膜损伤保留血供;D组(复合损伤组)双侧甲状旁腺全切除+双侧下甲状旁腺被膜及血供的复合损伤。术前1d,术后第1、3、5、7d监测血钙、血PTH,术后第7d切取双侧下甲状旁腺行HE染色,观察甲状旁腺组织的存活及病理损害。[结果]:1、各组动物术前血钙、血PTH无显著性差异(P0.05);2、A组术后血钙下降,但在第5d恢复至术前水平(P0.05);B、C组术后血钙明显下降(P0.05),以术后1d最低,逐渐恢复,但C组恢复较B组快(P0.05);D组术后血钙持续下降。3、A组术后血PTH下降,但在第7d恢复至术前水平(P0.05);B、C组术后血PTH明显下降(P0.05),以术后1d最低,逐渐恢复,但3d后C组恢复较B组快(P0.05);D组术后血PTH持续下降。4、病理结果:A组甲状旁腺以主细胞为主,少量空泡性改变(5%-10%);B组甲状旁腺出血、坏死(40%-50%),部分细胞空泡变性(30%-40%),中心伴纤维化,周边可见炎性肉芽肿及增生的甲状旁腺组织;C组甲状旁腺出血(10%-20%),部分细胞空泡变性(10%-20%);D组甲状旁腺坏死,几乎无正常甲状旁腺组织,明显纤维化,残存的甲状旁腺组织较少呈散在分布。[结论]:1、甲状腺术中甲状旁腺原位损伤的类型影响术后甲状旁腺功能的恢复,其中甲状旁腺血供和被膜的复合损伤最严重,甲状旁腺缺血坏死,功能不能恢复;单纯血供损伤,部分能恢复功能;带血管蒂的甲状旁腺原位保留能较快的恢复功能;2、对于甲状腺术中严重血供及被膜损伤,甚至游离的甲状旁腺应立即自体移植。[目的]:研究甲状腺术中甲状旁腺自体移植过程中体外临时保存对其细胞活性和移植后功能的影响,以提高甲状旁腺自体移植的成活率。[方法]:1、以实验家兔为研究对象,随机分为A、B、C三组,每组8只,取出双侧下甲状旁腺,A组(对照组);甲状旁腺立即后续处理;B组(冷缺血保存组):甲状旁腺放置于4℃生理盐水中30分钟;C组(热缺血保存组):甲状旁腺放置于室温(22-24℃)生理盐水中30分钟。左侧甲状旁腺统一行HE染色,观察细胞形态;右侧甲状旁腺统一行透射电子显微镜检查,观察细胞超微结构变化。2、实验家兔随机分为D、E、F三组,每组8只,行双侧甲状腺全切除术后,取出双下甲状旁腺,D组立即移植(移植于双侧颈前肌内,下同);E组甲状旁腺放置于4℃生理盐水中30分钟后移植;F组甲状旁腺放置于室温(22-24℃)生理盐水中30分钟后移植。3、D、E、F三组动物于术前1d,术后1、3、5、7d抽血监测血钙、血PTH水平,并于第7d处死动物,切取移植的甲状旁腺组织行HE染色,高倍镜下观察甲状旁腺组织面积及病理损害。[结果]:1、A组:正常甲状旁腺以主细胞为主,伴少量嗜酸细胞,细胞巢周围脂肪细胞浸润,电镜下主细胞核圆、居中;B组:甲状旁腺细胞形态未见明显变化,主细胞线粒体轻度肿胀;C组:甲状旁腺细胞稍肿胀,部分空泡变性,电镜下细胞核形态不规则,线粒体极度肿胀变形、嵴断裂、减少。2、D、E、F三组动物双下甲状旁腺移植术后,血钙、血PTH均明显下降,其中以术后1d最低,之后呈逐渐上升;三组间术前、术后1、3、5d血钙、血PTH无显著性差别(P0.05),但术后7d两组间均有明显差异(P0.05);3、术后7d病理结果:D组:正常甲状旁腺细胞密集分布于颈前肌肉组织中;E组:大量甲状旁腺细胞健存于肌肉组织,部分空泡变性;F组:只有部分健存甲状旁腺细胞散在于肌肉中。[结论]:甲状旁腺组织体外临时保存的时间和温度影响其活性,在甲状腺手术中,离体甲状旁腺应立即自体移植,如条件不允许,甲状旁腺应保存在4℃生理盐水中,并尽可能在30分钟内完成自体移植,以提高移植成活率。
[Abstract]:[Objective] to establish animal models by simulating different types of parathyroid glands in total thyroidectomy, and to study the effect of different degrees of parathyroid in situ injury on the recovery of parathyroid function. [Methods] the experimental rabbits were studied and randomly divided into four groups, A, B, C, D, each group, and A group (sham operation group): Simple exposure, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, group B (blood supply injury group): bilateral thyroid total excision + bilateral inferior parathyroid blood supply injury retained the membrane; C group (membrane injury group) bilateral total thyroidectomy + bilateral parathyroid parathyroid membrane injury retained blood supply; group D (compound injury group) bilateral parathyroidectomy + bilateral inferior thyroid gland Parathyroid membrane and blood supply complex injury. Preoperative 1D, postoperative 1,3,5,7d monitoring blood calcium, blood PTH, 7d cut off the parathyroid parathyroid HE staining, observe the parathyroid tissue survival and pathological damage. [results]:1, all animals before operation blood calcium, blood PTH no significant difference (P0.05); 2, the A group after the reduction of blood calcium, but in 5D recovery to Preoperative level (P0.05); B, group C after operation, blood calcium decreased significantly (P0.05), 1D was lowest after operation, and gradually recovered after operation, but C group recovered faster than B group (P0.05), D group decreased after operation in group D.3, A group blood PTH decreased after operation. The recovery was faster than that of the B group (P0.05); the blood PTH of group D decreased continuously after operation, and the pathological results were as follows: the parathyroid gland in group A was dominated by main cells, a small amount of vacuolated changes (5%-10%), B group parathyroid hemorrhage, necrosis (40%-50%), partial cell vacuolation (30%-40%), central fibrous, peripheral inflammatory granuloma and hyperplastic parathyroid tissue; C group A Parathyroid hemorrhage (10%-20%), partial cell vacuolated degeneration (10%-20%), D group parathyroid gland necrosis, almost no normal parathyroid tissue, obvious fibrosis, and the remaining parathyroid tissue is less scattered. [conclusion]:1, the type of parathyroid parathyroid in situ injury affects the recovery of parathyroid function after operation, of which parathyroid parathyroid function is in the thyroid parathyroid. The compound injury of the gland blood supply and the membrane is the most serious, the parathyroid ischemia and necrosis, the function can not be recovered, the simple blood supply damage, the partial recovery function, the vascular pedicled parathyroid in situ retention can be faster recovery function; 2, for thyroid surgery, severe blood supply and membrane damage, even free parathyroid gland should be autotransplantation immediately. Objective: To study the effect of temporary preservation of parathyroid autotransplantation on the cell activity and post transplant function in the process of parathyroid autotransplantation in order to improve the survival rate of parathyroid autologous transplantation. [methods]:1, the experimental rabbits were randomly divided into A, B, C three groups, each group of 8 rats, taking out bilateral parathyroid glands and A group (control group). The parathyroid gland was followed up immediately; B group (cold ischemic preservation group): parathyroid gland was placed at 4 C for 30 minutes; group C (thermal ischemic preservation group): parathyroid gland was placed at room temperature (22-24) for 30 minutes. The left parathyroid gland was uniformly stained with HE, and the cell morphology was observed; the right parathyroid gland was unified with transmission electron microscopy. Micromicroscopic examination was used to observe the ultrastructural changes of cell.2. The experimental rabbits were randomly divided into D, E, F three groups, 8 rats in each group. After bilateral total thyroidectomy, double subparathyroid parathyroid was taken out. Group D was transplanted immediately (in the bilateral anterior cervical muscles, the same below), and the parathyroid gland in group E was placed at 4 C for 30 minutes, and the parathyroid gland in the F group was placed in the room. After 30 minutes of temperature (22-24 centigrade),.3, D, E, F three groups were transplanted before operation 1D, blood calcium was monitored by 1,3,5,7d blood, blood PTH level, and the animals were killed in 7d, and the parathyroid tissue was stained with HE, and the parathyroid tissue area and pathological damage were observed under high magnification. [results]:1, A group: normal parathyroid glands were fine. In group B, the morphology of parathyroid cells was not obviously changed, and the mitochondria of main cells were slightly swollen. Group C: parathyroid cells were slightly swollen, partial vacuolated, irregular nuclei under electric microscope, and extremely swollen and deformed mitochondria under the electric microscope. Crest fracture, reduction of.2, D, E, F three groups of animals after double parathyroid parathyroid transplantation, blood calcium, blood PTH decreased significantly, among them 1D was the lowest after the operation, then gradually increased; the three groups before the operation, 1,3,5d blood calcium, blood PTH no significant difference (P0.05), but postoperative 7d two groups have significant difference (P0.05); 3, 7d pathological results after operation: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal postoperative 7d: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal postoperative: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal postoperative: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal group: normal Parathyroid cells are densely distributed in the anterior cervical muscle tissue; in group E, a large number of parathyroid cells are stored in muscle tissue and partially vacuolated. Group F: only part of the surviving parathyroid cells are scattered in the muscles. [Conclusion]: the time and temperature of parathyroid tissue in vitro may affect its activity in vitro and in thyroid surgery. Autologous parathyroid gland should be transplanted immediately. If the condition is not allowed, parathyroid glands should be preserved in 4 C saline, and autologous transplantation should be completed within 30 minutes to improve the survival rate.
【学位授予单位】:昆明医科大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2016
【分类号】:R653
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