胫骨骨折智能支具及愈合程度测量的研究

发布时间：2018-07-18 07:22

【摘要】：随着人口老龄化的推进,生活节奏的加快,交通事故、自然灾害、工伤事故使人类遭受外部伤害概率大大提高。而胫骨骨折是最为常见的骨折病例。本课题针对胫骨骨折康复,开发了一套用于康复训练的智能支具(包括负重支具和智能鞋垫),并探究了一种骨折愈合程度的测量系统。首先,根据小腿解剖学特征、骨折康复要求,设计了一款负重可调支具。并通过对接受腔建模,探究了摩擦力在承重中的作用。其次,根据足底力分布和人体行走步态规律,提出了智能鞋垫方案用于检测支具减重效果。采用薄膜传感器检测足底力,分别设计上位机与下位机。经过必要的传感器标定后,通过正常行走步态验证智能鞋垫可行性。随后,利用超声横波作为评价骨折愈合程度的方案。根据超声折射理论选取仪器、探头与配套电路。并对发射功率电路中各元器件的选型对激励效果的影响做了探究。通过实验验证了系统可激励出能在骨中传播的超声横波。最后,通过实验验证了各子系统的功能。采用智能鞋垫对两种异常步态和正常步态做对比,获取了每种异常步态与正常步态足底力的差异；通过智能鞋垫验证了负重支具在站立相和行走相中的减重效果；利用超声波检测离体牛股骨,验证了超声评价骨愈合的可行性。综上,本文设计了由负重支具和智能鞋垫组成的智能支具,并设计了一款超声波检测骨折愈合的系统。通过实验探究了上述系统的可行性与实用性。
[Abstract]:With the advance of population aging, the quickening of life rhythm, traffic accidents, natural disasters and industrial accidents, the probability of human being suffering from external injury is greatly increased. Tibial fractures are the most common fracture cases. For the rehabilitation of tibial fractures, a set of intelligent brace (including load-bearing brace and intelligent insole) was developed for rehabilitation training, and a measuring system of fracture healing degree was explored. First of all, according to the anatomical characteristics of the leg and fracture rehabilitation requirements, a load adjustable support is designed. By modeling the acceptance cavity, the effect of friction on load bearing is explored. Secondly, according to the foot force distribution and human walking gait rule, the intelligent insole scheme is put forward to detect the weight loss effect of braces. The plantar force was measured by thin film sensor, and the upper and lower computers were designed respectively. After the necessary sensor calibration, the feasibility of intelligent insole was verified by walking gait. Subsequently, ultrasonic transverse wave was used as a method to evaluate the degree of fracture healing. According to the theory of ultrasonic refraction, the instrument, probe and matching circuit are selected. The influence of the type selection of each component on the excitation effect in the transmission power circuit is also discussed. The experimental results show that the system can excite the ultrasonic transverse wave which can propagate through the bone. Finally, the function of each subsystem is verified by experiment. Two kinds of abnormal gait and normal gait were compared with intelligent insole, and the difference of foot sole force between each abnormal gait and normal gait was obtained, and the weight loss effect of weight-bearing brace in standing phase and walking phase was verified by intelligent insole. Ultrasonic detection of isolated bovine femur proved the feasibility of ultrasonic evaluation of bone healing. In summary, an intelligent bracing consisting of load-bearing braces and intelligent insoles is designed, and a ultrasonic detection system for fracture healing is designed. The feasibility and practicability of the system are explored through experiments.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R683

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