同种异体接骨板联合可吸收材料治疗骨折有限元分析及力学试验

发布时间：2018-07-23 20:26

【摘要】：金属材料广泛运用在骨科手术中,却依然存在应力遮挡、需二次手术等不足。选择恰当的内置物对患者来说非常重要,不然非常容易造成手术失败。同种异体骨接骨板联合可吸收材料固定骨折,在一定程度上可克服上述问题,因此,开展同种异体骨接骨板方面的研究具有一定的临床意义和价值。本文构想用骨板联合可吸收材料治疗股骨干骨折。作者应用逆向工程技术、断层摄影技术模拟手术过程建立了两种分别用可吸收螺钉和钛合金螺钉固定接骨板的骨折固定模型。通过有限元方法计算,比较两种模型中每个部件的应力、应变,结果显示,两者之间没有过大差别,为体外试验提供了一定依据。在有限元的基础上,利用羊股骨制作了可吸收螺钉固定组、可吸收螺钉加捆绑带固定组、钛合金螺钉加捆绑带固定组三种模型。在万能力学试验机上,分别对三组模型施加了轴向压缩、冠状面三点弯曲、矢状面三点弯曲三种载荷。结果显示可吸收螺钉加捆绑带相比可吸收螺钉固定,能承受更大载荷,满足动物实验的强度需要,为异体骨板用可吸收螺钉固定进一步安全、可靠及科学性地应用提供了依据。
[Abstract]:Metal materials are widely used in orthopedic surgery, but there are still some shortcomings such as stress occlusion and secondary operation. Selection of appropriate implants is very important to patients, or it can easily lead to surgical failure. The above problems can be overcome to some extent by bone allograft plate combined with absorbable material. Therefore, the study of allograft bone plate has certain clinical significance and value. The treatment of femoral shaft fracture with bone plate combined with absorbable material is envisaged. Two kinds of fracture fixation models with absorbable screws and titanium alloy screws were established by using reverse engineering and tomographic techniques to simulate the operation process. The stress and strain of each component in the two models are compared by the finite element method. The results show that there is no great difference between the two models, which provides a certain basis for the in vitro test. On the basis of finite element method, three kinds of models of absorbable screw fixation group, absorbable screw plus binding band group and titanium alloy screw plus binding band group were made by using sheep femur. Three groups of models were subjected to axial compression, three point bending of coronal plane and three point bending of sagittal plane respectively on the universal mechanical testing machine. The results showed that the absorbable screw and the binding band could withstand more load than the absorbable screw fixation, and could meet the need of animal experiment, which provided the basis for the further safety, reliable and scientific application of the absorbable screw fixation for the allogeneic bone plate.
【学位授予单位】：天津理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R687.3

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