寰枢椎板间融合器的研制及有限元分析

发布时间：2018-11-27 16:07

【摘要】：目的:1.完成寰枢椎板间融合器的相关影像解剖学测量,评估寰枢椎板间融合器的可行性。2.完成寰枢椎板间融合器的初步设计。3.建立正常上颈椎三维有限元模型,验证模型有效性。4.采用有限元分析方法,在正常上颈椎三维有限元模型的基础上,建立寰枢椎失稳有限元模型、寰枢椎后路钉棒内固定有限元模型及寰枢椎板间融合器联合后路钉棒内固定有限元模型,分析寰枢椎板间融合器的力学特性。方法:1.选取100例正常成人寰枢椎CT扫描图像,男50例,女50例,年龄18～76岁。采用PACS系统工作站调阅图像并测量相关数据。2.运用Solidworks 2012软件初步设计寰枢椎板间融合器。3.选取志愿者,排除上颈椎疾患,扫描获得 CT 图像,利用 Mimics 13.0、Geomagic Studio 2012、Abaqus 6.14 软件构建正常上颈椎三维有限元模型,在施加特殊约束及加载条件下,与既往文献数据进行ROM对比,验证模型有效性。4.在正常上颈椎三维有限元模型的基础上,建立寰枢椎失稳有限元模型、寰枢椎后路钉-棒内固定有限元模型及寰枢椎板间融合器联合后路钉棒内固定有限元模型,采用有限元分析计算各种模型在不同工况下的活动度及应力情况。结果:1.双侧数据差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。合并双侧数据后不同性别L1、H1、L2差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而H2、L差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。男、女性 L1 为 23.41mm,和 22.23mm;H1 为 6.00mm 和 5.28mm;L2 为 18.54mm 和 17.31mm;H2 为 5.12mm 和 4.98mm;L 为 32.63 和 31.39mm。2.初步设计出寰枢椎板间融合器。3.建立了正常上颈椎三维有限元模型,共包含206745个单元及72496个节点,并经验证后有效,可用于后续研究。4.建立了寰枢椎失稳有限元模型、寰枢椎后路钉-棒内固定有限元模型及寰枢椎板间融合器联合后路钉棒内固定有限元模型。在前屈、后伸、左侧屈、右侧屈、左旋转、右旋转六种工况下,两种固定模型的活动度远小于正常模型及失稳模型(P0.05);失稳模型的活动度要远大于正常模型(P0.05);两种固定模型的活动度无明显差异(P0.05)。六种工况下的应力云图显示,寰枢椎板间融合的最大应力均集中在微型钛钉植入骨质部位;两种固定模型中的钉-棒最大应力均集中在螺钉根部及连接棒,而最大等效应力值间无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:1.寰枢椎板间融合器理论上可行。2.正常上颈椎三维有限元模型验证有效,可进行相关研究。3.寰枢椎板间融合器具有稳固性及安全性,对后路钉棒的固定及受力无明显影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. To evaluate the feasibility of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage. 2. Preliminary design of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage. To establish a three dimensional finite element model of normal upper cervical vertebra and verify the validity of the model. 4. Based on the 3D finite element model of normal upper cervical vertebra, the finite element model of atlantoaxial instability was established by using finite element analysis. The finite element model of posterior atlantoaxial screw rod internal fixation and the finite element model of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage combined with posterior screw rod internal fixation were used to analyze the mechanical characteristics of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage. Methods: 1. Atlantoaxial CT images were performed in 100 normal adults, 50 males and 50 females aged 1876 years. Using PACS system workstation to read images and measure related data. 2. The Atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage was designed with Solidworks 2012 software. Volunteers were selected to exclude upper cervical spine diseases and CT images were obtained by scanning. The 3D finite element model of normal upper cervical vertebra was constructed by using Mimics 13.0 Geomagic Studio 2012Abaqus 6.14 software. The validity of the model is verified by comparing with previous literature data by ROM. 4. 4. Based on the three dimensional finite element model of normal upper cervical spine, the finite element model of atlantoaxial instability, the finite element model of posterior atlantoaxial screw and rod fixation and the finite element model of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage combined with posterior screw rod fixation were established. Finite element analysis is used to calculate the activity and stress of various models under different working conditions. Results: 1. There was no significant difference in bilateral data (P0.05). After combining bilateral data, there were significant differences between the two genders (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in H2P1L (P0.05). The male and female L1 were 23.41 mm, and 22.23 mm H1 were 6.00mm and 5.28 mm L _ 2, 18.54mm and 17.31 mm H _ 2 were 5.12mm and 4.98 mm 路L ~ (-1), 32.63 and 31.39 mm 路2, respectively. The atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage was preliminarily designed. A three-dimensional finite element model of normal upper cervical vertebrae was established, consisting of 206745 elements and 72496 nodes. The finite element model of atlantoaxial instability, the finite element model of posterior atlantoaxial screw and rod fixation and the finite element model of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage combined with posterior screw rod were established. Under the six working conditions of forward flexion, extension, left flexion, right flexion, left rotation and right rotation, the activity of the two fixed models was much smaller than that of the normal model and the unstable model (P0.05). The activity of the instability model was much higher than that of the normal model (P0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two fixed models (P0.05). The stress cloud images under six conditions showed that the maximum stress of atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion was concentrated on the bone site of microtitanium nail implantation. In the two fixed models, the maximum stress of nail-rod was concentrated on the root of screw and the connecting rod, but there was no significant difference between the maximum equal effect force (P0.05). Conclusion: 1. Atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage is theoretically feasible. 2. The 3 D finite element model of normal upper cervical vertebra is effective and can be studied. Atlantoaxial interlaminar fusion cage is stable and safe, and has no significant effect on the fixation and force of posterior screw rod.
【学位授予单位】：南方医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R687.3

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