衡阳市职业性下肢外伤病例特征及预防策略研究

发布时间：2019-02-15 16:32

【摘要】：目的:通过对衡阳市职业性下肢外伤患者的调查,了解本地区职业性下肢外伤病例特征及其影响因素,探讨职业性下肢外伤的预防策略,为降低职业性下肢外伤发病率提供相关依据。方法:以衡阳市2013年11月—2014年10月衡阳5所三级甲等医院住院的职业性下肢外伤患者为研究对象,利用统一的调查表,对衡阳市职业性下肢外伤患者进行问卷调查,并对其分布及结构特征予以描述性分析;采用秩和检验(Mann-Whitney Test)的方法,对职业性下肢外伤患者受伤严重程度的影响因素进行分析,以P0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果:1、本次调查的衡阳市1296例职业性下肢外伤患者中男女性别比为4.25:1;年龄多在20-39岁,占60.42%;文化程度以初中学历者最多,占44.83%;工龄≤1年者占50.88%;经济收入1500-3000元/月者694人,占53.55%;劳动者人数最多占69.68%。受伤多发月份为5月,最少为2月,每日的8-16时为事故高发时段占56.02%;2、职业性下肢外伤患者中为足部者最多占34.03%;轻微伤为主,占38.50%;建筑类为主要受伤工种(416人,32.10%);受伤危险因素中注意力不集中者最多有460例(35.49%);3、52.62%的患者所在单位性质为个体私营,有66.28%的患者在工作前未进行岗前培训(教育)等;4、职业性下肢外伤患者受伤严重程度的影响因素分析结果显示:压砸伤和绞切伤患者的受伤严重程度较高,不同工种中工矿类的患者受重伤所占比例最高,而患者每天在24-8时工作时间段容易受伤较重,工龄短及无岗前培训也是受伤严重的重要因素。结论:1、衡阳市职业性下肢外伤患者具有以男性青壮年为主,工龄短、文化程度及收入低等特点,企业以个体私营为主且大部分企业无岗前培训;2、不同的损伤机制、工种、工龄、时间段及有无岗前培训均为职业性下肢外伤患者受伤严重程度的影响因素。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of occupational lower extremity trauma in Hengyang City, and to explore the preventive strategies of occupational lower extremity trauma. In order to reduce the incidence of occupational lower limb injury to provide the relevant basis. Methods: from November 2013 to October 2014, the patients with occupational lower extremity trauma hospitalized in 5 Grade 3A hospitals in Hengyang City were investigated by using a unified questionnaire, and a questionnaire survey was conducted on the patients with occupational lower extremity trauma in Hengyang City from November 2013 to October 2014. The distribution and structural characteristics are analyzed in a descriptive way. Rank sum test (Mann-Whitney Test) was used to analyze the influencing factors of injury severity in patients with occupational lower extremity trauma. The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). Results: 1, the sex ratio of male to female was 4.25: 1 in 1296 cases of occupational lower extremity trauma in Hengyang city, the age was 20-39 years old (60.42%), the education level was the most in junior high school degree (44.83%); 50.8850.88have less than one year of service, 694 people have economic income of 1500-3000 yuan / month, accounting for 53.555.The number of laborer accounts for 69.68 yuan / month. The most frequent months of injury were May and at least 2 months. The incidence of accidents was 56.02 times per day between 8-16 hours per day, 34.03% of the patients with occupational lower extremity injuries were foot injuries, 38.50% were minor injuries, 38.50% were lower extremity injuries, 38.50% were minor injuries. The main types of injuries were construction (416 persons, 32.10%), and 460 cases (35.49%) were not focused on the risk factors of injury. (3) 52.62% of the patients were self-employed and 66.28% had no pre-job training (education) before work. 4. The analysis of factors influencing the severity of injuries in occupational lower extremity trauma patients showed that the degree of injury was higher in the patients with crush injury and strangulation injury, and the proportion of seriously injured patients in different types of work was the highest. Patients at 24-8 hours a day are more likely to be injured, short working hours and no pre-service training are also important factors of injury. Conclusion: 1. The occupational lower extremity trauma patients in Hengyang city have the characteristics of male youth, short working age, low education level and low income, and most enterprises have no pre-job training. 2. Different injury mechanisms, types of work, length of service, time period and pre-job training were all factors influencing the severity of injury in patients with occupational lower extremity trauma.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：R658.3

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