骨盆骨折后环损伤的诊断及治疗研究进展

发布时间：2019-08-11 13:07

【摘要】：骨盆骨折是创伤骨科常见疾病之一,随着我国交通事故、高坠伤、挤压伤等事故的不断增加,骨盆骨折的发病率也逐年升高。由于骨盆的骨及韧带结构与盆腔、神经血管、空腔脏器及泌尿生殖结构紧密相邻,所以骨盆骨折的早期诊断及治疗是预防骨盆骨折早期并发症及晚期后遗症的主要手段。骨盆后环损伤的治疗一直是骨盆骨折治疗的重点。骨盆后环损伤的治疗主要采用外固定和内固定治疗,其适应症仍是骨盆骨折治疗的争论焦点,但对于不稳定型骨盆后环损伤,急诊行外固定治疗在急诊抢救中起到非常重要的作用。骨盆后环损伤常伴有神经损伤(腰骶丛神经损伤),其常导致疼痛、功能障碍等并发症的发生,由于其难治性,学者们对其展开了大量的基础研究,以期从基础研究获得临床创新的成功,从而在一定程度上修复神经损伤,降低骨盆后环损伤引起的并发症。因此,在创伤骨科规范诊疗的基础上,关注和应用这些进展,适时开展基础和临床研究,能提高骨盆骨折的诊治水平,达到更好为患者诊治、改善生存和预后的目的。
[Abstract]:Pelvic fracture is one of the common diseases in trauma orthopaedics. With the increasing incidence of traffic accidents, high falling injuries, crush injuries and other accidents in China, the incidence of pelvic fractures is also increasing year by year. Because the bone and ligament structure of pelvis is closely adjacent to pelvic cavity organ and genitourinary structure, the early diagnosis and treatment of pelvic fracture is the main method to prevent the early complications and late sequelae of pelvic fracture. The treatment of posterior pelvic ring injury has always been the focus of pelvic fracture treatment. The treatment of posterior pelvic ring injury is mainly treated with external fixation and internal fixation, and its indication is still the focus of debate in the treatment of pelvic fracture, but for unstable posterior pelvic ring injury, emergency external fixation plays a very important role in emergency rescue. Posterior pelvic ring injury is often accompanied by nerve injury (lumbosacral plexus injury), which often leads to pain, dysfunction and other complications. Because of its refractory, scholars have carried out a lot of basic research in order to obtain the success of clinical innovation from the basic research, so as to repair the nerve injury and reduce the complications caused by the posterior pelvic ring injury to a certain extent. Therefore, on the basis of standard diagnosis and treatment of trauma orthopaedics, paying attention to and applying these progress and carrying out basic and clinical research in time can improve the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic fracture, achieve the purpose of better diagnosis and treatment of patients, improve survival and prognosis.
【作者单位】：四川大学华西医院骨科;广安市人民医院骨科;
【基金】：四川省科技厅科技支撑计划项目(No.2013FZ0066) 四川省卫生和计生委员会普及应用项目(No.17PJ128) 广安市2016年创新基金项目资助
【分类号】：R687.3

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