伊宁市维汉中小学生近视相关环境及遗传因素的调查

发布时间：2018-08-09 14:09

【摘要】：目的:了解伊宁市维汉中小学生近视现状,探讨影响维汉中小学生视力相关的环境因素和遗传因素,为改善中小学生近视状况提供参考依据。方法:采用分层整群随机抽样方法,按照城镇分层,抽取6所学校(市区和镇区各3所),以班级为单位,随机抽取3000名维汉中小学生;到各学校抽样的班级进行视力筛查,排除有其他眼部疾病的31名学生;对纳入研究的2879名学生进行问卷调查。调查问卷内容包括以下大类:基本情况、视力情况、行为习惯、家族史(包括一级亲属和二级亲属近视情况,父母文化程度等)。采用Falconer法计算先证者一、二级亲属患近视的遗传度。结果:(1)2879名学生(13.36±2.226),近视学生997名(34.6%);不同民族、不同性别、不同学习阶段、不同生源地、不同体重指数、不同城镇分层之间差异有统计学意义(p0.05)。(2)遗传度结果显示,一级亲属近视遗传度(0.2771±0.0484、27.71%)低于二级亲属近视遗传度(0.3565±0.1032、35.65);重度近视学生近视遗传度高于轻度和中度近视学生;维吾尔族学生遗传度低于汉族学生、女生遗传度高于男生、小学生遗传度高于中学生;(3)多因素分析可知,汉族、女生、高学习阶段、市区、读写时看与书距离小于30cm、有不良读写习惯、不重视做眼保健操、每天睡眠时间小于8小时、几乎不吃含维生素A的食物、父母和爷爷奶奶近视是中小学生近视患病的主要危险因素。结论:维吾尔族学生近视风险低于汉族学生、男生近视风险低于女生、随学习阶段近视风险也高;近视学生的遗传度高于非近视学生、重度近视学生遗传度较高、一级亲属遗传度低于二级亲属遗传度;汉族、女生、高学习阶段、市区、近距离看书、有不良读写习惯、不重视做眼保健操、睡眠不足、不合理饮食、父母和爷爷奶奶近视是近视发生的主要危险因素;维汉学生之间近视患病差异可能与种族的遗传、生活习惯、饮食习惯、用眼习惯有关,年龄越小遗传因素起的影响作用越大、随年龄环境因素影响作用也大。因此,中小学生近视的发生从遗传和环境因素两方面来预防和控制,从而减少中小学生近视患病率。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the present situation of myopia in primary school students of Weihanzhong in Yining city, and to explore the environmental and genetic factors related to visual acuity of primary and middle school students in order to provide reference for improving myopia of primary and middle school students. Methods: using stratified cluster random sampling method, 6 schools (3 in urban area and 3 in township district) were selected according to urban stratification, and 3000 primary school students in Weihanzhong were randomly selected according to the class size, and the visual acuity was screened in the class sampled from each school. Thirty-one students with other eye diseases were excluded; 2879 students were surveyed. The questionnaire includes the following categories: basic situation, visual acuity, behavior habits, family history (including myopia of first-degree relatives and second-degree relatives, parents' education level, etc.). The heritability of myopia in the first and second degree relatives of proband was calculated by Falconer method. Results: (1) 2879 students (13.36 卤2.226) and 997 (34.6%) myopic students had significant differences in heritability among different nationalities, different gender, different learning stages, different places of origin, different body mass index and different urban stratification (p0.05). (2). The heritability of myopia in first degree relatives (0.2771 卤0.0484) was lower than that in second degree relatives (0.3565 卤0.1032), the heritability of myopia in severe myopia students was higher than that in mild and moderate myopia students, the heritability of Uygur students was lower than that of Han nationality students, and the heritability of female students was higher than that of boys. The heritability of primary school students was higher than that of middle school students. (3) Multivariate analysis showed that the distance between reading and reading was less than 30 cm in Han nationality, female students, high learning stage, urban area, reading and writing, bad reading and writing habits, not paying attention to doing eye exercises, sleeping time less than 8 hours per day. Parents and grandparents were the main risk factors for myopia in primary and middle school students. Conclusion: the risk of myopia of Uygur students is lower than that of Han nationality students, the risk of myopia of male students is lower than that of girls, and the risk of myopia with learning stage is also high, the heritability of myopia students is higher than that of non-myopic students, and the heritability of students with severe myopia is higher. The heritability of first-degree relatives was lower than that of second-degree relatives; Han nationality, girls, high learning stage, urban areas, close reading, bad reading and writing habits, not paying attention to doing eye exercises, lack of sleep, unreasonable diet, Myopia between parents and grandparents is the main risk factor of myopia. The difference of myopia among Uighur and Han students may be related to race inheritance, living habits, eating habits, eye habits, and the older the age, the greater the effect of genetic factors. The effect of environmental factors was also great with age. Therefore, the occurrence of myopia in primary and middle school students can be prevented and controlled from both genetic and environmental factors so as to reduce the prevalence rate of myopia in primary and middle school students.
【学位授予单位】：新疆医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R778.11

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