河南省部分地区中小学生视力低下和疑似近视状况分析

发布时间：2018-11-05 09:26

【摘要】：目的全面了解河南省4地区(郑州、新乡、濮阳、开封)中小学生视力低下和疑似近视的发生、发展规律及变化状况,比较不同性别、城乡、年龄(学段)和不同经济发展地区之间中小学生视力低下和疑似近视检出率的差异,探讨相同年龄组不同身高发育水平与中小学生疑似近视检出情况的关联,以期寻求适宜的中小学生视力综合改善措施,并为进一步做好中小学生视力预防保护工作提供理论依据。方法采用整群抽样的调查方法,抽取2008年4个地区7-18岁中小学生20148名。按照《2005年中国学生体质与健康状况调研检测细则》的规定,由经过培训的体检人员以班级为单位对学生进行体检,并对中小学生视力情况进行分析。结果 1.共调查7-18岁中小学生20148名,检出视力低下者10996人,检出率为54.6%；其中,疑似近视者10030人,占视力低下者比例为91.2%,占全部调查人群比例为49.8%。 2.女生视力低下和疑似近视检出率(58.1%、53.3%)高于男生(51.1%、46.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=99.118、101.822,P0.001)。 3.视力低下和疑似近视检出率高中组最高(81.7%、77.8%),初中组次之(63.1%、58.0%),小学组最低(32.4%、27.2%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=3512.380、3621.291,P0.001)；不同学段视力低下轻度小学组最高(14.2%),中度初中组最高(15.9%),重度高中组最高(60.4%),差异有统计学意义(H=1564.382,P0.001)。不同年龄男女生视力低下和疑似近视检查率随着年龄的增加逐步升高,且各年龄组女生检出率高于男生；不同年龄男女生轻度视力低下随着年龄增加逐渐下降,中度由15-岁年龄组最高值向两侧逐渐下降,重度随年龄增加快速上升。 4.城市学生视力低下检出率和疑似近视(63.3%、57.9%)高于乡村(46.3%、41.9%),差异有统计学意义(χ2=587.021、519.240,P0.001)；4地区学生视力低下和疑似近视检出率不完全一致(χ2=134.084、114.346,P0.001)；开封地区轻度视力低下较其他地区高,重度较其他地区低,差异有统计学意义(H=80.218,P0.001)。 5.男生不同身高水平疑似近视检出率有统计学意义的年龄组分别是7-15岁组(P0.05)；女生不同身高水平疑似近视检出率有统计学意义的年龄组分别是8-14岁组(P0.05)。男女生都是身高发育水平较高的疑似近视检出率较高。结论 1.中小学生视力低下和疑似近视检出率较高,存在性别、城乡、学习阶段和地区的差异,且有随着年龄增大逐渐增加的趋势。视力低下严重程度在城乡、学习阶段和地区存在差异。 2.中小学生在青春发育突增期相同年龄不同身高水平疑似近视检出率存在差异,且男女生疑似近视检出率存在差异的年龄组主要是青少年青春发育处于突增时期的年龄。
[Abstract]:Objective to investigate the occurrence, development and changes of hypoeyesight and suspected myopia among primary and middle school students in 4 areas of Henan province (Zhengzhou, Xinxiang, Puyang, Kaifeng), and to compare different sex, urban and rural areas. The difference of detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia among primary and middle school students between age (school segment) and different economic development areas was studied. The relationship between different height development level of the same age group and the detection of suspected myopia in primary and middle school students was discussed. In order to seek suitable comprehensive improvement measures for primary and secondary school students, and to provide theoretical basis for further primary and secondary school students to prevent and protect the vision. Methods 20148 primary and middle school students aged 7 to 18 in 4 districts in 2008 were selected by cluster sampling. According to the rules of the investigation and examination of Chinese students' physique and Health in 2005, the trained physical examination personnel take the class as the unit to carry on the physical examination to the student, and carries on the analysis to the primary and middle school student's eyesight condition. Result 1. A total of 20148 primary and middle school students aged 7-18 years were investigated, 10996 of whom were found to have low eyesight, the detection rate was 54.6, among which 10030 were suspected myopia, the proportion was 91.2 and 49.8 percent. 2. The detection rate of hypoacuity and suspected myopia in girls (58.3%) was higher than that in boys (56.2%), and the difference was statistically significant (蠂 ~ 2 = 99.118101.822P0.001). 3. The detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia was the highest in the high school group (81.7%), followed by the junior high school group (63.1%) and the primary school group (32.4%). The difference was statistically significant (蠂 2: 3512.380, 3621.291, P0.001). The visual acuity was the highest in mild primary school group (14.2%), middle school group (15.9%) and severe high school group (60.4%). The difference was statistically significant (HY1564.382 P0.001). The examination rate of hypoacuity and suspected myopia of male and female students of different ages gradually increased with the increase of age, and the detection rate of girls in all age groups was higher than that of boys. The slight hypoacuity of male and female students of different ages decreased gradually with the increase of age, while the highest value of moderate age group gradually decreased to both sides of the age group, and the severe degree increased rapidly with the increase of age. 4. The detection rate of hypovision and suspected myopia in urban students (63.3%) was significantly higher than that in rural areas (41.9%) (蠂 2 587.021519.240 P0.001). (4) the detection rate of hypovision and suspected myopia was not identical (蠂 2: 134.084114.344 P0.001); In Kaifeng, mild hypoacuity was higher and severe was lower than that in other regions, the difference was statistically significant (HU 80.218U P0.001). 5. Boys with different height level suspected myopia detection rate was statistically significant in the age group 7-15 years old group (P0.05); The age group with different height level of suspected myopia was 8-14 years old (P0.05). Both male and female students had a higher rate of suspected myopia with higher height and development level. Conclusion 1. The detection rate of low vision and suspected myopia in primary and middle school students was higher. There were differences in sex, urban and rural areas, learning stages and regions, and there was a tendency to increase gradually with the increase of age. There were differences in the severity of low vision in urban and rural areas, learning stages and regions. 2. There were differences in the detection rate of suspected myopia between primary and middle school students at the same age and different height level during the period of youth development, and the age groups in which the detection rate of suspected myopia of male and female students were different were mainly the age of adolescent youth development in the period of sudden increase.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：R77;G637.8

【参考文献】