光遗传学技术在听觉研究中的应用

发布时间：2018-12-18 07:35

【摘要】：光遗传学以其基因编码,单一成分以及可以在复杂的组织中调控特定细胞的特点已经在神经科学研究中产生了深远的影响。随着光敏感蛋白的不断优化和多样化,各个生命科学领域都在尝试使用这一先进的技术手段解决问题。声音信号在耳蜗内经过毛细胞换能后在螺旋神经节编码成电信号传入中枢。听力受损后,通过人工耳蜗的电极刺激螺旋神经节可以部分地恢复一定的听力,但会影响声音的分辨率。光学刺激选择性聚焦可以改善电刺激的局限,增加声音编码的分辨率。本文回顾了光遗传技术在听觉研究中的应用以及在未来科学研究和临床转化的前景。
[Abstract]:Photogenetics has had a profound impact on neuroscience research because of its genetic coding, single component, and the ability to regulate specific cells in complex tissues. With the continuous optimization and diversification of photosensitive proteins, various fields of life science are trying to use this advanced technology to solve the problem. Sound signals are encoded into afferent centers in the spiral ganglion after transfered by hair cells in the cochlea. After hearing loss, the spiral ganglion can be partially restored by the electrode of cochlear implant, but it will affect the resolution of sound. Selective focusing of optical stimuli can improve the localization of electrical stimuli and increase the resolution of sound coding. This paper reviews the application of photogenetic technology in auditory research and the prospect of future scientific research and clinical transformation.
【作者单位】：中国人民解放军总医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科耳鼻咽喉研究所;
【基金】：国家973计划重大科学研究计划干细胞项目(2012CB967900与2014CB943002) 军队项目(BWS14B080;JDZYY20132) 国家自然基金项目(81271081;81528005与81470700) 北京市项目(PXM2014-178304-000002-00130228)共同支持下在解放军总医院完成
【分类号】：R764

【相似文献】