大连地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱变化分析

发布时间：2018-01-01 21:35

本文关键词：大连地区变应性鼻炎患者变应原谱变化分析　出处：《大连医科大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：目的：通过对5年来就诊于大连医科大学附属第一医院的747例变应性鼻炎患者进行变应原的检测及分析，了解大连地区变应性鼻炎的患者的变应原谱分布及变化情况，为临床上对变应性鼻炎的诊断和治疗提供参考依据，并为合理预防变应性鼻炎提供有效的统计学帮助。方法：回顾性分析2009年1月-2013年12月间被确诊为变应性鼻炎的747例患者的皮肤点刺试验结果，研究不同变应原在5年间的分布情况及变化规律。根据性别将受检人群分为男性组及女性组，其中男性组人数为335，女性组人数为412。根据年龄将受检人群分为成年组（≥18岁）及未成年组（18岁），成年组人数为614，未成年组人数为133。分析阳性率在前8位的变应原在不同性别组间有无差异，分析阳性率在前5位的变应原在男性组、女性组及成年人组和未成年人组随时间变化情况。采用SPSS20.0软件对结果进行X2检验。结果：皮肤点刺实验阳性率在前8位的变应原分别为：粉尘螨（57.03%），屋尘螨（56.36%），艾蒿（28.11%），狗毛发（22.22%），德国小蠊（18.21%），猫毛发（15.39%）和豚草（13.92%）。阳性率在前8位变应原5年间在男性组及女性组中分布的差异无统计学意义（P0.05）。艾蒿阳性率在2009年-2011年逐渐升高，在2012年有所下降，但在2013年重新升高，并高于以往年份，5年间艾蒿发病率为上升趋势，且每年间阳性率变化具有统计学意义（P0.05），在女性组中艾蒿阳性率变化在5年间具有统计学差异（P0.05），但未见明显升高、降低趋势，，成年人组中，艾蒿阳性率在2010年-2012年间逐渐下降，但在2013年阳性重新升高且高于前4年，5年间阳性率差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。猫毛发在2009年-2011年3年间发病率逐渐升高，2012年及2013年两年发病率较之前3年开始下降，猫毛发阳性率在5年间差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。豚草在2009年-2012年4年之间阳性率逐渐下降，但在2013年的阳性率突然升至5年来最高，阳性率变化在5年间的差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。粉尘螨在阳性率在5年间变化差异具有统计学意义，且每年均有较大波动，但整体未见明显上升或下降规律(P0.05),男性组中粉尘螨在2009年-2011年3年间阳性率逐渐升高，5年总体变化虽具有统计学差异（P0.05），但整体未见明显上升或下降规律，女性组中粉尘螨在2011年的阳性率虽然高于2010年，但5年间整体阳性率逐步下降，且阳性率变化差异具有统计学意义（P0.05）。男性组中屋尘螨、艾蒿、狗毛发及德国小蠊的阳性率变化无明显统计学差异（P0.05）。女性组中屋尘螨、狗毛发及德国小蠊5年间阳性率变化未见明显统计学差异。成年人组中狗毛发及德国小蠊的阳性率变化无明显统计学差异。（P0.05）。未成年组中，前5种变应原阳性率每年均有波动，但变化无明显统计学差异（P0.05）。结论：一粉尘螨和屋尘螨是引发大连市变应性鼻炎的首要因素。二由花粉类变应原引发的变应性鼻炎发病率有逐年上升趋势。三引起变应性鼻炎的变应原阳性率有随时间的波动变化，可以为临床治疗变应性鼻炎提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:Objective: through the detection and analysis of allergens in 747 patients with allergic rhinitis in 5 years were from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, to understand the distribution and changes of allergens for allergic rhinitis in Dalian patients, clinical on allergic rhinitis diagnosis and treatment provide a reference basis, and reasonable prevention of allergic rhinitis was to provide effective help.
Methods: retrospective analysis of January 2009 -2013 year in December by skin prick test results of 747 cases of allergic rhinitis patients, the distribution and variation of different allergens in 5 years. According to the gender of subjects were divided into male and female group, male group number is 335, the number of female group 412. according to the age of subjects were divided into adult group (aged 18) and adult group (18 years old), adult group number 614, number 133. in adult group analysis of the positive rate in the top 8 allergens in different gender groups had no differences in allergen positive rate analysis of the top 5 in male group, female group and adult group and juvenile group changed with time. The results underwent X2 test using SPSS20.0 software.
Results: the positive rate of skin prick test respectively in the top 8 allergens: dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (57.03%), (56.36%), (28.11%), mugwort dog hairs (22.22%), German cockroach (18.21%), cat hair (15.39%) and ragweed (13.92%). The positive rate of change should be between 5 in the male group and the female group in the distribution was not statistically significant in the top 8 (P0.05). The positive rate of Artemisia increased gradually in the years 2009 -2011, declined in 2012, but rose again in 2013, and higher than that of the previous year, 5 years, the incidence rate of mugwort rising trend, and the positive rate was statistically changes from year to year meaning (P0.05) in the female group, the positive rate of change of Artemisia has a statistically significant difference in 5 years (P0.05), but there was no obvious increase, decrease, the adult group, the positive rate of Artemisia decreased gradually in 2010 -2012 years, but in 2013 the positive re increased and higher than the previous 4 years, the positive rate of 5 years The difference was statistically significant (P0.05). The cat hair in 2009 -2011 3 years the incidence rate increased gradually, in 2012 and 2013 compared with the previous 3 years two years incidence began to decline, the positive rate of cat hair in 5 years was statistically significant difference (P0.05). Ragweeds in 2009 -2012 years 4 years between the positive rate decreased gradually, but the positive rate in 2013 suddenly rose to the highest in 5 years, the difference was statistically significant positive rate of change in 5 years (P0.05). Significant differences in the positive rate of dust mite in 5 years, and every year a large fluctuation, but no obvious increase or decrease of dust mite (P0.05), male group in 2009 -2011 positive rate 3 years gradually increased, the overall changes in 5 years has significant difference (P0.05), but no obvious increase or decrease of dust mite positive rate in female group is higher than that of 2010 2011, But the positive rate of the overall 5 years decreased gradually, and the positive rate was statistically significant difference (P0.05). The male group in house dust mite, mugwort, positive rate of change of dog hair and Blattella germanica was no significant difference in the female group (P0.05). The positive rate of house dust mite, no change in 5 years and the small German dog hair Americana showed significant difference. The positive rate of change in the adult group dog hair and Blattella germanica. No statistically significant difference (P0.05). In adult group, the former 5 kinds of allergens positive rate each year fluctuations, but the change was no significant difference (P0.05).
Conclusion: dust mite and house dust mites are the primary factors that lead to allergic rhinitis in Dalian.
Two the incidence of allergic rhinitis caused by pollen allergen has been increasing year by year.
Three the positive rate of allergen caused by allergic rhinitis is fluctuating with time, which can provide reference for clinical treatment of allergic rhinitis.

【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R765.21

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