近视的危险因素及流行病学研究进展

发布时间：2018-05-08 17:32

本文选题：近视 + 流行病学　；参考：《眼科新进展》2015年09期

【摘要】：近视是发病率最高的眼部疾病之一。高度近视可引起一系列严重影响患者视力及各种视觉功能的并发症,如视网膜脱离、视网膜下新生血管形成、白内障和青光眼等。近年来,大量的流行病学研究对近视在全球各个地区的分布进行了科学、细致的调查,这些研究中大多数为横断面研究,纵向队列研究相对缺乏。近半个世纪的流行病学调查显示,近视的患病率明显增加,不同种族和地区的患病率各不相同,其中经济水平较发达、工业化速度较快的东亚地区人们近视患病率增长最快。近视的发生与环境危险因素、社会经济发展和生活方式改变密切相关。许多学者对近视的分子生物学机制也进行了深入的研究,这些研究结果进一步支持了以下结论,即近视的发生是遗传易感性和环境暴露之间复杂相互作用的结果。本文对近视的危险因素及流行病学研究结果做一综述。
[Abstract]:Myopia is one of the most common eye diseases. High myopia can cause a series of complications, such as retinal detachment, subretinal neovascularization, cataract and glaucoma. In recent years, a large number of epidemiological studies on the distribution of myopia in various regions of the world carried out a scientific, meticulous investigation, most of these studies are cross-sectional studies, longitudinal cohort research is relatively lacking. The epidemiological investigation in the past half century showed that the prevalence of myopia increased obviously, and the prevalence rate of myopia was different in different ethnic groups and regions, in which the economic level was more developed, and the prevalence rate of myopia was the fastest in East Asia, where industrialization was faster. Myopia is closely related to environmental risk factors, socio-economic development and lifestyle changes. Many scholars have also conducted in-depth studies on the molecular biological mechanism of myopia. These results further support the conclusion that myopia occurs as a result of the complex interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. This article reviews the risk factors and epidemiological findings of myopia.
【作者单位】：西安医学院眼视光教研室;
【分类号】：R778.11

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