甘肃鼢鼠（Myospalax cansu）耳蜗结构研究

发布时间：2018-06-04 22:01

本文选题：甘肃鼢鼠 + 耳蜗　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 地下鼠是由环境特化的物种,在长期的地下适应过程中,其听觉系统出现一系列的适应性进化,其听觉敏感频率偏于中低频,与声波在地下洞道中的传播能力相一致。听觉机制的核心问题是耳蜗活动机制的研究。本文运用组织学方法,对甘肃鼢鼠耳蜗显微及亚显微组织结构作了研究,结果表明：甘肃鼢鼠耳蜗有3.5圈螺旋形构造,这一点和其它哺乳类动物相似。从蜗底到蜗顶,均可清楚地看见螺旋神经节,螺旋神经节分为大、小两种类型,数目从蜗底到蜗顶呈逐渐增多趋势。甘肃鼢鼠耳蜗各圈基底膜上内毛细胞简单线形排列为l排,约40根。甘肃鼢鼠耳蜗蜗底基底膜上,OHC为3排,其上听纤毛呈弧形排列为4排,每排大约30根,每束大约120根左右,听纤毛由内向外逐渐增高,排列整齐,形态完整。IHC听纤毛较OHC听纤毛长,其OHC最内排听纤毛长度大约1μm,最外排听纤毛长度大约为4μm；IHC听纤毛长约7μm。OHC之间间隙很小,各排OHC之间镶嵌排列,各细胞之间几乎粘连。外毛细胞静纤毛的长度靠近耳蜗轴最短,靠近耳蜗侧壁最长,由蜗底到蜗顶逐渐变长,静纤毛的数目由蜗底到顶逐渐减少。耳蜗蜗顶外毛细胞和静纤毛常排列不规则,而且可见少数静纤毛自然缺失。内毛细胞和静纤毛一直排列到耳蜗顶盲端,毛细胞和静纤毛数目均未减少。从而证明内毛细胞感知低频信号,长期地下生活使耳蜗发生适应性进化。
[Abstract]:The underground mouse is a special species of environment. During the long period of underground adaptation, a series of adaptive evolution has occurred in its auditory system. The frequency of auditory sensitivity is more moderate and low frequency, which is consistent with the propagation ability of sound wave in underground tunnel. The core problem of auditory mechanism is the study of cochlear mechanism. The microstructures and submicroscopic structures of the cochlea of Gansu zokor were studied by histological method. The results showed that: Gansu zokor cochlea has a 3.5-circle spiral structure, which is similar to other mammals. The spiral ganglion can be clearly seen from the base of the cochlea to the apex of the cochlea. The spiral ganglion can be divided into two types, the number of which is increasing gradually from the cochlea base to the cochlea apex. The hair cells in the basal membrane of the cochlea of Gansu zokor were arranged in a simple line, about 40. The OHC of the basal membrane of cochlea of Gansu zokor is 3 rows. The upper auditory cilia are arranged in 4 rows, about 30 in each row, about 120 in each bundle. The auditory ciliates gradually increase from inside to outside and are arranged neatly. The length of auditory cilium of OHC was about 1 渭 m, and the length of auditory cilium was about 4 渭 m. The gap between auditory cilia was about 7 渭 m.OHC, and the arrangement of OHC was inlaid and almost adherent between cells. The length of the outer hair cells was the shortest near the cochlear axis, the longest near the lateral wall of the cochlea, the longer from the cochlear base to the cochlea apex, and the number of the static cilia gradually decreased from the cochlear base to the top. The outer hair cells and static cilia of cochlea are often arranged irregularly, and a few of them are absent naturally. The number of hair cells and static ciliates was not decreased when the inner hair cells and static cilia were arranged all the way up to the top of the cochlea. It is proved that the inner hair cells perceive low frequency signals and long-term underground life makes cochlea adaptive evolution.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R764

【参考文献】