不同持续时间的被动运动对仔鼠前庭发育的影响

发布时间：2018-06-12 07:20

本文选题：运动训练 + 胚胎发育　；参考：《河北师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：前庭系统的功能主要是感受重力和变速运动，通过中枢的整合反射性地调节身体姿势、维持平衡、运动中视觉的稳定，以及运动过程中内脏功能的调节和参与空间学习记忆。前庭感觉的胚胎发育是仅次于触觉而优先发育的感觉，其发育不足或障碍不但影响前庭功能，还会阻抑视觉、听觉发育，造成平衡障碍，运动协调障碍，甚至降低学习记忆能力。重力环境和变速运动刺激是影响前庭系统发育的2个主要外在因素。以动物为对象的研究表明，超重力和微重力均不同程度地抑制前庭系统的正常发育，降低或改变出生后个体的前庭功能。在地球表面的1G重力环境下，变速运动能否影响前庭系统的发育，尚无以动物或人为对象的系统研究。对孕妇运动的调查显示，孕期进行一定量的有氧运动，如跳舞、游泳都能减少子代感觉统合失调的发生，提高运动协调和学习记忆能力，并有利于孕妇体重控制和产后恢复，降低妊娠高血压症和妊娠糖尿病等妊娠并发症的发生率。随着科技的发展，人类的生活方式有了很大的改变。现代人的运动时间变短，，尤其是孕妇的运动量普遍减少。有人认为这可能是造成现代儿童感觉统合失调，注意缺陷及多动症发生率升高的原因，而前庭功能紊乱是其中的主要因素。这提示孕妇的运动可能对胎儿前庭系统的发育有影响，但多大运动量是有效的（也即有否最佳运动干预强度和持续时间）？运动对前庭系统的结构和功能发育的影响是否存在一个关键期（最敏感的时期）？这些都是需要进行定性和定量研究的课题。本课题组前期的研究结果显示，在昆明种小鼠胚胎发育的4到19天（E4-E19），每天给予孕鼠40min的变速旋转运动刺激能显著提高出生后仔鼠的平面翻正反射和空中翻正反射能力，其最佳干预期为E10-E15；但在前庭器官的超微结构上未见显著改变。这些初步的研究结果仅证实了胚胎期的变速旋转运动刺激可提高小鼠的前庭功能，并存在一个敏感的关键期，但未揭示多大的运动强度和持续时间最有效（最佳运动量）以及对前庭中枢的发育是否有影响。所以，本研究拟在前期研究的基础上，以昆明种小鼠为对象，在胚胎发育的E4-出生前1天分别给予持续时间为3h、6h、12h的变速旋转运动刺激，通过行为学的方法检测其对前庭功能的影响，以免疫组化方法显示自然前庭刺激诱发前庭核表达FOS的情况来检测上述运动对前庭中枢发育的作用。以期确定促进小鼠前庭功能的最佳变速旋转运动持续时间，及其能否影响前庭中枢的发育。本研究所得实验结果如下： 1．孕期E4-E19天内的变速旋转运动对各组孕鼠的体重没有显著影响，但6h和12h旋转运动组对比空白对照组有体重降低的趋势，且6h旋转运动组母鼠产后体重始终处于较低水平。 2．各组仔鼠P0-P15天平均体重没有显著差异，与空白对照组相比6h旋转运动组仔鼠体重增长较快。 3．各组仔鼠生后产仔数、成活率、以及仔鼠睁眼和开耳天数没有显著差异 4．孕期E4-E19天内12h的变速旋转运动使出生当天（P0）的仔鼠平面翻正反射成功率显著高于其他各组，P1-P7天各组间没有显著差异。 5．在P3、P6天，空白对照组和6h组仔鼠水中翻正反射所需时间显著低于12h组；P5天，6h组仔鼠水中翻正反射时间显著低于12h组。 6．孕期E4-E19天内3h的变速旋转运动使出生后15天（P14）天的仔鼠的空中翻正反射得分显著地高于其他3组，其他时间各组间仔鼠空间翻正反射得分没有显著性差异。 7．P12天时，3h组的仔鼠游泳得分显著低于12h组；P13天时，3h组的仔鼠游泳得分显著低于6h组，其他时间各组之间没有显著性差异。 8．在仔鼠出生后的P7和P14天，用OVAR方法自然刺激前庭，免疫组化方法显示的Fos阳性神经元数量，在各组之间均无显著性差异。P7天时脑干前庭相关核团仅有少量的Fos阳性神经元，而在P14天时则有大量的Fos表达神经元，且IO也出现Fos阳性神经元。通过对结果分析得出以下结论： 1.每天长时间（12h）的变速旋转运动刺激可使孕鼠焦躁，出现摄食量增加、产后体重增加较多、啃食仔鼠、遗弃仔鼠行为；而每天6h的较短时间的运动刺激则无显著影响，且在整体趋势上似乎对孕鼠体重的保持、产后体重的恢复有利。 2.每天3-12h的变速旋转运动刺激对胎鼠的整体发育没有显著影响，但从整体趋势上看，每天6h的被动旋转运动对生后仔鼠体重的增加可能有促进作用。 3.胚胎期每天12h的变速旋转运动能显著提高出生当天仔鼠的平面反射能力，但其后的此项功能则低于6h组。从总的趋势上看，E4-E19的胚胎期内每天6h的旋转刺激能够提高仔鼠生后前庭功能。 4. E4-E19的胚胎期内，每天3-12小时的变速旋转运动对出生后仔鼠前庭系统的发育没有显著影响。本研究结果对丰富运动与妊娠、胎儿发育的相关理论提供了部分基础研究资料，具有一定的理论意义。
[Abstract]:The function of the vestibule system is to feel gravity and variable motion, to adjust the body posture, maintain balance, stabilize the vision in motion, regulate the visceral function and participate in spatial learning and memory through the integration of the central system. The embryonic development of the vestibule is second only to the sense of touch and the development of the feeling, and the development of the vestibule. Deficiency or obstacles not only affect vestibular function, but also inhibit visual, auditory development, cause balance barrier, movement coordination obstacle, and even reduce learning and memory ability. Gravity environment and variable speed motion stimulation are 2 main external factors affecting the development of vestibule system. To inhibit the normal development of the vestibule system and reduce or alter the vestibule function of the individual after birth. In the 1G gravity environment on the earth's surface, whether the variable movement can affect the development of the vestibule system, there is no systematic study of animal or human objects. It can reduce the occurrence of sensory integration of the offspring, improve the ability of exercise coordination and learning and memory, and be beneficial to the weight control and postpartum recovery of pregnant women, reduce the incidence of pregnancy complications such as pregnancy hypertension and gestational diabetes. With the development of science and technology, the life style of the human being has been greatly changed. In particular, there is a general decrease in the amount of exercise in pregnant women. It is believed that this may be the cause of modern children's sensory integration, attention deficit and hyperactivity, and vestibular dysfunction is the main factor. Whether there is the best intensity and duration of exercise intervention? Is there a critical period (the most sensitive period) of the effects of exercise on the structure and functional development of the vestibule system? These are both qualitative and quantitative subjects.
The results of our previous study showed that 4 to 19 days (E4-E19) of the development of mouse embryos in Kunming, the variable rotational motion stimulation of 40min in pregnant mice every day could significantly improve the plane reversal reflex and the ability to reverse the reflexes in the air. The best dry anticipation was E10-E15, but the ultrastructure of the vestibular organs was not significant. Changes. These preliminary results only confirm that the variable speed rotation stimulation in the embryo can improve the vestibule function of mice, and there is a sensitive critical period, but it does not reveal the most effective exercise intensity and duration (optimal exercise) and whether it has an effect on the development of the vestibule center. On the basis of the study, taking the Kunming mice as the target, the duration of the variable rotation movement of 3H, 6h and 12h was given 1 days before the birth of the embryo, and the effect on the vestibular function was detected by the method of behavior, and the expression of the vestibular nucleus expressed by the natural vestibular stimulation was detected by the immunohistochemical method to detect the above movement. In order to determine the optimal rotational speed of vestibular function, the duration of vestibular function and its influence on the development of vestibular center were determined.
The results of this study are as follows:
The variable rotation movement in the 1. pregnancy E4-E19 days had no significant influence on the weight of the pregnant rats in each group, but the 6h and 12h rotation groups had the trend of weight loss in the blank control group, and the postpartum weight of the female rats in the 6h rotation group was always at a lower level.
2. there was no significant difference in the average weight of P0-P15 days in the offspring of each group. Compared with the blank control group, the weight gain of the 6h rotation group was faster.
3. there was no significant difference in litter size, survival rate and the number of eyes opening and opening ears of offspring rats.
The speed of rotation and rotation of 12h during the 4. E4-E19 days of pregnancy made the success rate of flat reflex in the day of birth (P0) at birth was significantly higher than that of the other groups, and there was no significant difference between each group at P1-P7 days.
5. in P3 and P6 days, the time needed for water reversal in the blank control group and the 6h group was significantly lower than that in the 12h group, and on P5 days, the time of the reflex in the water of the 6h group was significantly lower than that in the 12h group.
The variable rotation movement of 3H during the 6. E4-E19 days of pregnancy resulted in a significantly higher score of positive reflex in the air on the 15 day (P14) days after birth than in the other 3 groups, and there was no significant difference in the score of the spatial reversal reflex in the other groups.
At 7.P12 days, the score of swimming in group 3H was significantly lower than that in group 12h, and at P13 days, the score of swimming in group 3H was significantly lower than that of group 6h, and there was no significant difference between the other groups at other time.
8. at the P7 and P14 days after the birth of the offspring, the vestibule was naturally stimulated by the OVAR method. There was no significant difference in the number of Fos positive neurons in the immunohistochemical method. There was only a small amount of Fos positive neurons in the vestibule related nuclei of the brain stem at.P7 days, while there was a large amount of Fos expression neurons in P14 days, and IO also appeared to be Fos positive. Jing Yuan.
Through the analysis of the results, the following conclusions are drawn.
1. a long time (12h) of variable speed rotation motor stimulation can make pregnant rats irritated, increase food intake, increase postpartum weight more, nibbling on offspring and abandoning the behavior of offspring, while the short time exercise stimulation of 6h has no significant influence on the whole trend, and it seems to maintain the weight of pregnant rats in the overall trend, and the recovery of postpartum weight is favorable.
2. the variable rotation motion of 3-12h per day has no significant effect on the overall development of fetal rats, but from the overall trend, the daily passive rotation of 6h may contribute to the increase of the weight of postnatal offspring.
The variable rotation movement of 12h per day at the 3. embryo stage could significantly improve the plane reflex ability of the offspring, but the subsequent function was lower than that of the 6h group. From the general trend, the rotation of 6h during the embryonic period of E4-E19 could improve the vestibule function of the offspring.
During the embryonic period of 4. E4-E19, the rotation of 3-12 hours per day had no significant effect on the development of vestibular system in offspring rats.
The results of this study provide some basic research data for enriching the relevant theories of exercise and pregnancy, fetal development, and have certain theoretical significance.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：R715.3;R764

【参考文献】