中国潮汕地区青少年近视相关因素的分析研究

发布时间：2018-07-12 10:59

  本文选题：近视 + 青少年　； 参考：《汕头大学》2010年硕士论文

【摘要】： 目的 对汕头市两英镇中学生的屈光状态、用眼情况、父母的受教育程度及居住环境等进行描述性分析,研究青少年近视相关因素,特别是人口密度和近视的关系,以更深入了解影响城市与农村青少年近视患病率差异的原因。 方法 采用整群抽样法抽取两英镇6所中学的所有一、二年级学生参加调查。调查内容包括视力检查和问卷调查。 视力检查内容包括远视力和散瞳验光。首先对所有受检者进行裸眼远视力检查,随机抽取50%双眼视力6/12及一眼视力≤6/12的全部受检者接受睫状肌麻痹,并用电脑验光仪检查屈光状态以及由验光师检查达到最佳矫正视力时的屈光度数。 问卷调查内容包括受检者基本情况、近距离工作(时间和距离)、户外活动的时间、父母亲的情况以及居住环境情况。 最后,向当地政府了解两英镇30个行政区域的面积、人口数量。所有数据输入计算机,使用SPSS软件,用t检验(连续数据)、卡方检验(分离数据)和多元线性回归方法进行统计学分析。 结果 1. 5844名受检者中4612名(78.9%)参加了视力检查,其中2957名参加散瞳验光。散瞳验光的受检者中2480名(83.9%)有问卷数据。 2. 2480名受检者的平均年龄为13.7 1.1岁,其中男1092(44%)人,平均13.8 1.1岁;女1388(56%)人,平均13.6 1.0岁。男女性受检者的平均年龄有显著差异(P0.001)。 3.受检者平均每周近距离工作的时间为38.3小时,做作业、看课外书、看电视和玩电子游戏或电脑分别为11.9、6.7、14.1和5.6小时,对应的平均用眼距离分别为0.29、0.29、2.61和0.36米,调节强度(屈光度小时)分别为46.7、25.5、6.9和17.1。平均每周户外活动的时间为5.6小时。 4.双眼等效球镜≤-2D的受检者比一眼等效球镜-2D的受检者花更多时间在做作业(P=0.02)及看课外书(P=0.004)上,且距离更近(均为p=0.02),调节强度更大(分别为p=0.005和p0.001)。而两组在看电视、玩电子游戏或电脑及户外活动方面则没有显著差别。 5.双眼等效球镜≤-2D的受检者居住地区的人口密度明显高于一眼等效球镜-2D的受检者(P0.001)。而两组受检者的父母的最高受教育程度(P=0.75)及发展分数(P=0.13)没有显著差异。 6.多元回归分析得出,等效球镜值与年龄(P0.001)、调节强度(P=0.002)及人口密度(P=0.003)相关,与性别、户外活动时间、父母受教育程度及经济发展情况不相关。 结论 年龄、近距离工作及人口密度均是近视的独立危险因素,性别、父母受教育程度、户外活动时间及经济发展情况与近视不相关。
[Abstract]:Objective to study the related factors of juvenile myopia by descriptive analysis of refractive state, eye condition, education level of parents and living environment of middle school students in Liangying Town, Shantou City. Especially the relationship between population density and myopia in order to understand the causes of the difference of myopia prevalence between urban and rural adolescents. Methods all the freshmen and sophomores in 6 middle schools in Liangying Town were selected by cluster sampling. The survey included visual examination and questionnaire survey. Visual examination includes distant vision and mydriasis optometry. First of all, all the subjects were examined with naked far vision, and 50% of the subjects whose visual acuity was 6 / 12 or less than 6 / 12 were randomly selected to receive ciliary muscle paralysis. Computer optometry was used to check the refractive state and the number of refraction when optometrists examined the best corrected visual acuity. The contents of the questionnaire included the basic information of the subjects, the close working time and distance, the time of outdoor activities, the condition of parents and living environment. Finally, the local government to understand the area of 30 administrative areas of Liangying Town, population. All data were input into computer, SPSS software was used, t test (continuous data), chi-square test (separating data) and multivariate linear regression method were used for statistical analysis. Result 1. Of the 5844 subjects, 4612 (78.9%) participated in visual examination, 2957 of them participated in mydriasis optometry. 2480 (83.9%) of the subjects with mydriasis optometry had questionnaire data. The average age of 2480 subjects was 13.71 years old, including 1092 males (44%), with an average age of 13.81.1 years, and 1388 (56%) females, with an average age of 13.60 years. There was significant difference in average age between male and female subjects (P0.001). The average working time of the subjects was 38.3 hours per week. The average distance between eyes and eyes was 0.29, 0.292.61 and 0.36 meters, respectively, for doing homework, reading extracurricular books, watching TV and playing video games or playing computer, respectively, for 14.1 hours and 5.6 hours. The adjusting intensity (diopter hours) was 46.7v. 5N 6.9 and 17.1, respectively. The average outdoor activity per week was 5.6 hours. The subjects with binocular equivalent spherical mirror 鈮，

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