建立内耳宏观生物力学模型的基础研究

发布时间：2019-03-31 12:51

【摘要】： 目的：1.随着耳科疾病诊断及治疗的不断发展,内耳的精确解剖结构与空间关系的重要性日益突出,通过连续切片得到内耳的三维几何模型,可以显示耳蜗及前庭系统的骨迷路、膜迷路和内外淋巴液的结构及状态,加深临床医生对内耳宏观结构的理解认识。 2.通过对豚鼠内耳的三维重建,初步研究实验对象在正常条件下内耳的宏观结构,继而为设定异常条件下的动物实验(如强噪音刺激、前庭系统平衡能力破坏)后内耳的变化及今后应用于人体内耳的实验研究奠定基础。 3.熟练掌握冰冻连续切片技术及计算机三维重建方法,所做研究亦是为今后发现内耳具体病变部位并对其进行测量和评价的有效临床工具,为内耳疾病的临床诊疗提供了直观的分析平台,为今后开展相关的临床工作积累经验。 4.本文还根据一例健康志愿者右耳前庭系统膜迷路的几何参数,运用有限元软件进行三维重建,数值模拟此志愿者正弦摆动旋转椅试验前庭系统膜迷路内的生物力学响应,研究结果有助于定量了解前庭系统维持平衡功能原理,为前庭系统疾病的临床诊疗提供定量分析的平台。材料及方法：成年健康豚鼠1只,全麻后迅速断头取双侧颞骨(包括耳蜗及前庭部分)并固定,经修剪、脱钙、脱水、浸胶、包埋定位等步骤后行冰冻连续切片,每张间隔5μm,切片固定后染色,封片。对切片进行摄像,获得一整套豚鼠内耳组织切片放大后的图像资料,图像经Photoshop处理后利用自编MATLAB程序识别边界,获得边界点的三维坐标,利用几何参数运用有限元软件进行三维重建,得到豚鼠内耳(包括耳蜗、半规管及前庭部分)膜结构的三维几何模型。我们亦使用同样的方法根据一例健康志愿者右耳前庭系统膜迷路的几何参数进行三维重建,得到其前庭系统膜迷路的三维几何模型,将内淋巴液描述成不可压缩拟弹性体,将平衡感受器壶腹嵴嵴顶视为大变形线弹性材料,数值模拟此志愿者正弦摆动旋转椅试验时前庭系统膜迷路内的生物力学响应。结果：1.获得了一套完整的豚鼠内耳组织连续切片放大后的图像资料。 2.根据连续组织切片提供的数据,建立了豚鼠内耳,包括耳蜗、前庭及半规管膜结构的三维几何模型,其能良好的反应豚鼠内耳组织的细节及空间特性,且可以为今后应用于人体实验奠定基础。 3.对健康志愿者右耳前庭系统膜迷路三维几何模型进行数值模拟,前庭系统膜迷路内可变形部分嵴顶和内淋巴液拟弹性体同时会受到离心力和惯性力作用,相对于膜表面产生变形运动,从而形成神经电活动传入各级前庭中枢,引起综合反应,维持身体平衡,在这个机电转换过程中,前庭系统膜迷路体现出生物角加速度仪的性质,嵴顶节点的位移特性可以间接体现纤毛运动特性,进而体现各平衡感受器维持人体平衡的关系。结论：1.内耳结构复杂,常规解剖及单纯切片研究均不能很好地说明它们的空间细节,难以保证空间测量的精确性,而连续切片的计算机三维重建结构既具备切片的细节性,又能反映其空间特性,是一种提高颞骨形态学研究水平的方法。 2.冰冻切片主要适用于形态观察,其结果与颞骨火棉胶切片基本相同,对蜗管内、外各结构之间的联系和蜗轴内组织结构的观察更为理想,比火棉胶制片法切片薄、制片周期短,对颞骨解剖研究很有意义。 3.此实验将豚鼠内耳的三维结构完全构建出来,清晰地显示了豚鼠耳蜗及前庭系统膜迷路的宏观结构及状态,可以加深临床医生对内耳结构的理解认识。 4.对基于健康志愿者右耳几何参数所建立的生物力学模型进行数值模拟的结果,说明拉格朗日法应用到前庭系统膜迷路流固耦合振动分析是可行的,实验结果具有可靠性。
[Abstract]:Objective:1. With the development of the diagnosis and treatment of the ear diseases, the importance of the precise anatomical structure and the spatial relationship of the inner ear is becoming more and more prominent, and the three-dimensional geometric model of the inner ear can be obtained through continuous slices, and the structure and the state of the bone labyrinth, the membrane labyrinth and the internal and external lymph fluid of the cochlea and the vestibular system can be displayed, To deepen the understanding of the clinician's understanding of the macrostructure of the inner ear. 2. After the three-dimensional reconstruction of the inner ear of the guinea pig, the macroscopic structure of the inner ear under normal conditions was first studied, and then the animal experiment under abnormal condition (such as strong noise) was established. The changes of the inner ear and its future application in the inner ear of the human body in the study of the changes of the inner ear and the future application in the inner ear of the human body. 3. Good command of the technique of frozen continuous slice and the method of computer three-dimensional reconstruction. The research is also an effective clinical tool for the measurement and evaluation of the specific position of the inner ear in the future, and provides the clinical diagnosis and treatment for the inner ear disease. Intuitive analysis platform for future development 4. Based on the geometric parameters of the labyrinth of the vestibular system in the right ear of a healthy volunteer, the three-dimensional reconstruction with the finite element software was used to simulate the vestibular system of the volunteer's sine swing swivel chair. The biomechanical response of the membrane in the labyrinth is helpful to the quantitative understanding of the principle of the balance function of the vestibular system and the clinical application of the vestibular system. The invention provides a platform for quantitative analysis of diagnosis and treatment, and a material and a method thereof. Each room and after the image is processed by the Photoshop, the boundary is identified by the self-designed MATLAB program, the three-dimensional coordinate of the boundary point is obtained, The three-dimensional reconstruction of the inner ear of the guinea pig (including the cochlea, the semicircular canal and the semicircular canal) was obtained by using the finite element software. the three-dimensional geometric model of the membrane structure of the vestibular part) is also used, and the three-dimensional geometric model of the labyrinth of the vestibular system membrane is obtained by three-dimensional reconstruction according to the geometric parameters of the labyrinth of the vestibular system membrane of the right ear of a healthy volunteer according to the same method, and the three-dimensional geometric model of the vestibular system membrane labyrinth is obtained, The internal lymph fluid is described as a non-compressible pseudo-elastic body, which is considered as a large deformation line elastic material, Vestibular system membrane The biomechanical response in the labyrinth. Results:1. A complete set of 2. According to the data provided by the continuous tissue section, the three-dimensional geometric model of the inner ear of the guinea pig, including the cochlea, the vestibule, and the semi-regulated membrane structure, is established, which can reflect the detail of the inner ear of the guinea pig. and 3, the three-dimensional geometric model of the vestibular system membrane of the right ear of the healthy volunteer is numerically simulated, and the deformable part of the vestibular system membrane is deformed to form the top and the inner lymph fluid quasi-elastic body, At the same time, it is subjected to the action of centrifugal force and inertia force, and the deformation movement is generated with respect to the surface of the membrane, so that the nerve electric activity is formed into the vestibule center at all levels, so that the comprehensive reaction is caused, the body balance is maintained, and during the electromechanical conversion, the vestibular system membrane is lost to reflect the acceleration of the biological angle. The property of the degree instrument, the displacement characteristic of the top-top node can be the indirect body. current cilia movement Conclusion:1. The structure of the inner ear, the conventional dissection and the simple slice study can not be used to explain their spatial detail, and it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the space measurement. the computer three-dimensional reconstruction structure of the slice is not only provided with slices, 2. The frozen section is mainly suitable for morphological observation, and the result is basically the same as that of the soft tissue. The relationship between the contact and the structure of the inner tissue of the worm shaft In that experiment, the three-dimensional structure of the inner ear of the guinea pig was completely construct and clearly shown. The macroscopic structure and state of the membrane labyrinth in the cochlea of the guinea pig and the vestibular system can improve the understanding of the structure of the inner ear by the clinician.4. Numerical simulation of the biomechanical model established based on the right ear geometry of healthy volunteers
【学位授予单位】：大连医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：R764

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