我院289例药物过敏反应分析

发布时间：2018-03-02 21:23

本文选题：药物过敏　切入点：临床分析　出处：《中国药房》2015年08期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的:探讨药物过敏反应发生的特点,为临床安全用药提供参考。方法:回顾性收集我院2010年1月-2014年6月期间收集到的289例药物过敏反应患者的临床资料,对患者性别、年龄、用药史、致过敏反应药品种类、给药途径及出现过敏反应的临床表现等进行统计学描述与分析。结果:289例药物过敏反应患者中,男性156例,女性133例,男女比例为1.17∶1,年龄1~78岁,平均年龄36.5岁;抗菌药物导致的药物过敏反应高居首位,占39.10%;紧跟其后的是中药注射制剂与生物制品,分别占12.11%、11.76%;在抗菌药物中又以头孢哌酮/他唑巴坦、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢呋辛、头孢美唑以及左氧氟沙星的比例最高;静脉给药引起的药物过敏反应最多,占85.47%。结论:临床医师用药前应详细询问并记录药物过敏史以及家族过敏史;注意药物的交叉过敏反应情况;能开展皮试的药物,严格规范地做好皮试;给药过程中严密观察患者,一旦发生药物过敏反应,应快速地予以判断,及时停药,并采取正确的医学处理。
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the characteristics of drug allergic reaction and to provide reference for safe drug use. Methods: the clinical data of 289 patients with drug allergic reaction were collected from January 2010 to June 2014 in our hospital. Age, drug history, kinds of allergic drugs, ways of administration and clinical manifestations of allergic reactions were statistically described and analyzed. Results among 289 patients, 156 were males and 133 were females. The ratio of men and women was 1.17: 1, with an average age of 36.5 years, with an age of 178 years. The allergic reaction caused by antibiotics was the highest, accounting for 39.10%, followed by injections and biological products of traditional Chinese medicine. The ratio of cefoperazone / tazobactam, cefazoxime, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cefomezole and levofloxacin was the highest among the antimicrobial agents, and the most allergic reactions were caused by intravenous administration of cefoperazone / tazobactam, cefazoxime, cefotriaxone, cefmetazole and levofloxacin. Conclusion: before taking medicine, clinicians should inquire and record the history of allergy and family allergies in detail, pay attention to the situation of cross allergic reactions of drugs, conduct skin tests strictly and normatively. In the course of drug administration, the patients should be observed closely. Once the allergic reaction occurs, they should be judged quickly, stopped in time, and taken the correct medical treatment.
【作者单位】：广东省过敏反应与免疫重点实验室/呼吸疾病国家重点实验室变态反应研究室/广州医科大学附属第二医院;
【基金】：广州市科技攻关项目(No.201300000159) 广州医科大学博士科研项目(No.2012C43)
【分类号】：R969.3

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