稀土元素铈对骨髓间充质干细胞成骨作用影响的实验研究
发布时间:2018-05-29 22:24
本文选题:稀土离子Ce~(3+) + 骨髓间充质干细胞 ; 参考:《山东大学》2014年博士论文
【摘要】:目的: 稀土包括化学元素周期表中的镧系元素以及与镧系元素化学性质相似的其他两种元素—钪(Sc)和钇(Y),统称为稀土元素。我国是稀土资源最丰富的国家,产量和储量占世界首位。铈(Ce)是镧系元素的一种,具有抗菌、止吐以及抗癌等多种功能。由于稀土离子Ce3+与钙离子离子半径相似,电荷相较钙离子大,对细胞内钙离子位点更具有亲和性,从而可能影响骨细胞的功能和干预骨重建过程。关于稀土离子Ce3+对成骨细胞的影响早在20世纪就有学者研究报道,研究发现稀土离子Ce3+可以促进成骨细胞增殖、分化和成骨。稀土离子对成骨细胞的作用依赖其金属离子浓度的双向性,并且与稀土离子的种类以及细胞属性相关。 颌骨是口腔颌面部主要支架骨,行使咀嚼、吞咽以及语言等主要功能。炎症、外伤、肿瘤术后等原因都能造成颌骨缺损,降低生活质量。骨缺损修复是众多学者研究热点和重点,近年来组织工程骨的发展为骨缺损修复提供了一条新的途径。骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)是组织工程骨的一类种子细胞,具有强大的增殖能力和多向分化潜能、体外培养技术简单成熟能建立稳定的细胞系、取材方便等多项优点。BMSCs在体内外诱导环境下可以分化为成骨细胞,在BMSCs定向转化为成骨细胞的过程中,成骨细胞表达特异性成骨标志物,如ALP、Runx2、OCN、 Satb2、BSP等。在成骨细胞分化晚期,细胞开始矿化,细胞内ALP减少,骨钙素等非胶原蛋白分泌到细胞外基质中,形成羟基磷灰石结晶,最终钙盐沉积形成“钙结节”。ALP、Runx2、Satb2是成骨细胞早期标志基因,而OCN是分化晚期的标志基因。 骨缺损修复是一个复杂的过程,多种因素能够影响骨修复过程中细胞增殖、分化及骨基质形成,其中研究新骨形成较深入的为骨形态发生蛋白(BMPs)。 BMPs家族中最具代表性的为BMP2,它是一类骨诱导因子,可在骨受损部位促进细胞增殖,提高ALP活性,并且可促进BMSCs向成骨细胞分化。细胞外BMP2与细胞膜上的受体(BMPR Ⅱ)结合,使BMPR Ⅱ磷酸化从而激活BMPRI,活化的BMPR Ⅰ使细胞内的Smadl/5/8磷酸化形成复合物,该复合物进入到细胞核内,结合到DNA序列上,从而调节BMP靶基因的转录。 综上所述,稀土离子Ce3+可以促进成骨细胞增殖和成骨,但是稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs成骨作用的影响国内外鲜有报道。BMSCs具有多向分化潜能,可以被诱导成骨,但是由于研究手段的限制,信号通路的复杂性以及细胞因子网络性调控的特点,BMSCs诱导成骨的机制尚不明确。本研究通过体内外实验研究稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs成骨作用的影响,初步探讨稀土离子Ce3+诱导BMSCs成骨作用的分子机制,从而为BMSCs成骨功能提供新的理论依据,为临床治疗骨缺损提供新思路。 方法: 1.小鼠BMSCs培养、鉴定和Ce3+对BMSCs增殖、成骨及相关基因表达的影响 1)小鼠BMSCs分离、培养及鉴定 采用全骨髓贴壁培养法分离、培养小鼠来源的BMSCs;采用换液、有限稀释法纯化BMSCs; MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线;流式细胞仪检测BMSCs表面抗原;BMSCs成骨、成脂诱导分化; 2)稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs增殖、成骨及相关基因表达的影响 首先取对数生长期的BMSCs,利用CCK-8法检测稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs细胞增殖影响;然后通过检测细胞ALP活性、“钙结节”茜素红S染色测定稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs早晚期成骨作用的影响。最后通过qRT-PCR技术和Western blot技术检测Ce3+离子干预培养7天后的细胞成骨基因Runx2、Satb2和OCNmRNA和相关蛋白的表达情况。 2.稀土离子Ce3+促进BMSCs迁移以及成骨分化的分子机制 1)稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs迁移的影响 利用Transwell小室检测稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs迁移的影响;SDF-1是干细胞迁移的主要趋化因子,CXCR4是SDF-1的天然受体,通过qRT-PCR技术检测Ce3+离子干预培养7天后的细胞SDF-1和CXCR4基因表达情况。 2)稀土离子Ce3+促进BMSCs迁移和成骨的分子机制 首先利用qRT-PCR技术检测Ce3+离子干预培养7天后的细胞BMP2mRNA表达;然后Western blot技术检测Ce3+离子干预细胞培养0、10、20、30min后p-Smad1/5/8蛋白表达情况以及细胞免疫荧光技术检测Ce3+离子干预细胞培养30min后p-Smadl/5/8蛋白在细胞内的位置变化;最后BMSCs加入LDN-193189(BMP抑制剂)和Ce3+离子一起干预培养后,通过Western blot技术检测p-Smad1/5/8蛋白表达情况;然后通过qRT-PCR技术检测BMP2.SDF-1及Runx2基因表达情况。 3.稀土离子Ce3+干预培养BMSCs细胞膜片修复小鼠颅骨缺损的实验研究 选取7周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠,在颅骨顶部双侧各制备出直径4mm的骨缺损,不要损伤硬脑膜,随机分为三组,其中6只为实验组,植入BMSCs+Ce细胞膜片复合CBB;6只为BMSCs对照组,植入BMSCs细胞膜片复合CBB。6只为空白对照组无任何植入。术后4周处死动物,留取标本制成组织切片,HE染色观察骨缺损成骨情况;计算新骨形成率,观察骨缺损愈合情况,从而研究稀土离子Ce3+对颅骨缺损成骨情况的影响;通过对标本进行qRT-PCR险测稀土离子Ce3+对成骨基因BSP、OCN表达情况的影响。 结果: 1.小鼠BMSCs培养、鉴定和Ce3+对BMSCs增殖、成骨及相关基因表达的影响 1)小鼠BMSCs分离培养、鉴定 通过全骨髓贴壁法获得BMSCs,经过换液、有限稀释法使细胞纯化,细胞大小、形态稳定;MTT法绘制BMSCs生长曲线为“S”,前2天生长缓慢,第3天开始进入对数生长期,7-8天生长又开始缓慢;流式细胞仪检测BMSCs细胞表面表达CD29、CD44,而不表达CD3、CD45; BMSCs成骨诱导经茜素红染色发现细胞外有大量钙基质沉积;成脂诱导经油红O染色发现细胞内有大量脂滴形成。通过以上结果我们确定分离培养的细胞为BMSCs,并且BMSCs具有多向分化潜能。 2)稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs增殖、成骨及相关基因表达的影响 通过CCK8检测细胞增殖、ALP活性测定,发现稀土离子Ce3+在浓度为0.001μM明显促进细胞增殖和增加ALP活性;茜素红染色测定细胞晚期成骨,结果发现稀土离子Ce3+明显促进钙结节生成;qRT-PCR和Western blot技术测定结果发现稀土离子Ce3+能显著促进成骨基因Runx2、satb2和OCN以及相关蛋白的表达。 2.稀土离子Ce3+促进BMSCs迁移以及成骨分化的分子机制 1)稀土离子Ce3+对BMSCs迁移的影响 稀土离子Ce3+通过上调迁移趋化因子SDF-1基因表达从而促进BMSCs迁移,但是对CXCR4基因表达无明显影响。 2)稀土离子Ce3+促进BMSCs迁移和成骨的分子机制 稀土离子Ce3+能够促进BMP2基因和p-Smad1/5/8蛋白表达,并且p-Smad1/5/8蛋白表达出现时间依赖性;然后发现稀土离子Ce3+处理过的BMSCs细胞中p-Smad1/5/8蛋白主要位于细胞核内,而没经过稀土离子Ce3+处理过的BMSCs细胞中p-Smad1/5/8蛋白主要位于细胞浆内;最后发现经过LDN-193189处理过的BMSCs细胞中p-Smad1/5/8蛋白、SDF-1和Runx2基因表达都降低,但对BMP2基因表达无影响。 3.稀土离子铈干预培养BMSCs细胞膜片修复小鼠颅骨缺损的实验研究 通过动物模型试验,稀土离子Ce3+可以促进颅骨骨缺损区新骨形成,并对颅骨缺损区成骨基因BSP、OCN呈现正调节作用。 结论: 1.全骨髓贴壁法分离培养骨髓间充质干细胞操作简单,易于掌握;BMSCs具有多向分化潜能,是骨组织工程理想的种子细胞。 2.稀土离子Ce3+具有促进BMSCs增殖、成骨及募集BMSCs的作用。 3.稀土离子Ce3+通过BMP-Smad信号通路促进BMSCs迁移和成骨。 4.稀土离子Ce3+可以促进体内成骨。
[Abstract]:Objective:
Rare earth elements, including lanthanide elements in the periodic table of chemical elements and other two other elements similar to lanthanide elements - scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y), are collectively known as rare earth elements. China is the richest country with rare earth resources, and the yield and reserves are the first in the world. Cerium (Ce) is one of the lanthanide elements, which has many kinds of work such as antibacterial, antiemetic and anticancer. As the rare earth ion Ce3+ is similar to the radius of the calcium ion, the charge phase is more affinity to the intracellular calcium ion site than the calcium ion, which may affect the function of bone cells and interfere with the process of bone reconstruction. The effect of rare earth ion Ce3+ on osteoblasts has been reported in twentieth Century, and the rare earth ion C has been discovered. E3+ can promote osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and osteogenesis. The effect of rare earth ions on osteoblasts depends on the bi-directional concentration of metal ions, and is related to the species of rare earth ions and cell properties.
Maxillofacial bone is the main stenting bone in the oral and maxillofacial region, which exercises the main functions of chewing, swallowing and language. Inflammation, trauma, and postoperative tumor can cause the defect of the jaw and reduce the quality of life. The repair of bone defect is a hot spot and focus of many scholars. In recent years, the development of tissue engineering bone has provided a new way for the repair of bone defect. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs) is a kind of seed cells of tissue engineering bone. It has strong proliferation ability and multidirectional differentiation potential. In vitro culture technology is simple and mature to establish stable cell lines, and the advantages of.BMSCs can be differentiated into osteoblasts under the induced environment in vitro and in the BMSCs direction into osteogenic fine. In the process of cell, osteoblasts express specific osteogenic markers, such as ALP, Runx2, OCN, Satb2, BSP and so on. In the late differentiation of osteoblasts, the cells begin to mineralized, the intracellular ALP decreases, and the osteocalcin and other non collagen secretes into the extracellular matrix to form hydroxyapatite nodules, and eventually calcium salts are deposited to form a "calcium nodule".ALP, Runx2, Satb2 is The early marker genes of osteoblasts, while OCN is a marker of late differentiation.
Bone defect repair is a complex process. A variety of factors can affect cell proliferation, differentiation and bone matrix formation during the process of bone repair, in which new bone formation is BMPs. The most representative of the BMPs family is BMP2. It is a kind of bone inducer, which can promote cell proliferation at the damaged part of bone. The high ALP activity can promote the differentiation of BMSCs into the osteoblast. The extracellular BMP2 is combined with the receptor on the cell membrane (BMPR II), which makes BMPR II phosphorylation and activates the BMPRI. The activated BMPR I makes the Smadl/5/8 phosphorylation in the cell to form a complex. The complex enters the nucleus and combines to the DNA sequence, thereby regulating the transfer of the BMP target gene. Record.
To sum up, rare earth ion Ce3+ can promote osteoblast proliferation and osteogenesis, but the effect of rare earth ion Ce3+ on BMSCs osteogenesis is rarely reported that.BMSCs has multidirectional differentiation potential and can be induced to osteogenesis, but the complexity of signal pathway and the characteristics of cytokine network regulation, BMSC The mechanism of s induction of osteogenesis is not clear. In this study, the effect of rare earth ion Ce3+ on the osteogenesis of BMSCs was studied in vitro and in vitro, and the molecular mechanism of BMSCs osteogenesis induced by rare earth ion Ce3+ was preliminarily discussed, which provided a new theoretical basis for the osteogenesis of the bone and provided a new idea for the clinical treatment of bone defect.
Method锛,
本文编号:1952688
本文链接:https://www.wllwen.com/yixuelunwen/yiyaoxuelunwen/1952688.html
最近更新
教材专著