麻醉药品和精神药品管制研究Ⅰ——麻醉药品和精神药品国际管制的历程与现状

发布时间：2018-06-02 05:37

本文选题：国际组织 + 麻精药品　；参考：《中国药房》2017年01期

【摘要】：目的:研究麻醉药品和精神药品(以下简称麻精药品)国际管制的历程及现状,为我国麻精药品管制提供参考。方法:通过检索收集国内外数据库、新闻报道、国际网站中有关麻精药品的文献、报道与政策等,对国际组织麻精药品管制历程及现状进行整理研究。结果与结论:麻醉药品的国际管制始于19世纪对华鸦片贸易,经上海会议、海牙会议后初步建立了麻醉药品的国际管制体制,一战结束和国际联盟的成立、多项国际条约的签订促进了国际管制体系的发展。经过二战、联合国成立与国际管制组织的变迁,多项国际条约于20世纪60年代初整合为《麻醉药品单一公约》,成为各国麻醉药品管制制度的基础;20世纪70年代,《精神药品公约》通过,表明精神药品正式纳入国际管制范畴;20世纪80年代,《联合国禁止非法贩运麻醉药品和精神药品公约》的签订标志着国际麻精药品管制三大公约体系正式建成。目前的国际麻精药品管制以三大公约为管制依据,实行列表管制,由麻醉药品委员会、国际麻醉药品管制局、联合国国际禁毒计划署合作管制;绝大多数国家都是三大公约缔约国,国际组织的管制机构与列表管制方式对各国麻精药品管制均有影响。
[Abstract]:Objective: to study the course and present situation of international control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs, and to provide reference for the control of narcotic drugs in China. Methods: through searching and collecting the literature, reports and policies of domestic and foreign databases, news reports and international websites, the course and current situation of international organizations' drug control of leprosy were studied. Results & conclusion: the international control of narcotic drugs began with the opium trade with China in the 19th century. After the Shanghai Conference and the Hague Conference, the international control system of narcotic drugs was initially established, the end of World War I and the establishment of the League of Nations. The signing of many international treaties has promoted the development of international control system. After World War II, the United Nations was founded and international regulatory organizations changed. A number of international treaties were consolidated into the single Convention on Narcotic drugs in the early 1960s and became the basis of national drug control systems. In the 1970s, the Convention on psychotropic substances was adopted, The conclusion of the United Nations Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances marked the completion of the three international conventions on the control of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances. The current international control of narcotic drugs is based on the three conventions and is subject to tabular control, which is controlled jointly by the Commission on Narcotic drugs, the International Narcotics Control Board and the United Nations International Drug Control Programme; The vast majority of countries are parties to the three conventions, and the regulatory agencies and tabular control methods of international organizations have an impact on the control of narcotic drugs.
【作者单位】：北京大学药学院;北京大学基础医学院;北京大学医药管理国际研究中心;
【分类号】：R95

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