浅论某三甲医院158例儿童发生药物不良反应的规律和特点

发布时间：2018-06-05 11:35

本文选题：儿童 + 药物不良反应　；参考：《当代医药论丛》2016年24期

【摘要】：目的 :探讨某三甲医院158例儿童发生药物不良反应的规律和特点。方法 :对某三甲医院近年来上报的158例儿童发生用药不良反应的报告进行回顾性分析。我们通过对这158例发生药物不良反应患儿的性别、年龄、给药途径、用药种类、累及的系统(或器官)、临床表现、不良反应的严重程度及转归情况等进行观察和研究,总结其发生药物不良反应的规律和特点。结果:(1)在这158例患儿中,男女患儿分别有84例和74例,其中,年龄为1~3岁的患儿发生药物不良反应的几率最高。(2)在这158例患儿中,接受静脉滴注给药后发生药物不良反应的患儿最多,有138例,占87.34%。(3)在这158例患儿中,使用抗菌类药物进行治疗的患儿发生药物不良反应的几率最高,为46.34%。(4)导致这158例患儿发生药物不良反应的抗菌类药主要有头孢菌素类药物(占38.61%)、大环内酯类药物(占24.68%)和青霉素类药物(占15.19%)。(5)在这158例患儿中,不良反应累及皮肤的患儿最多,有104例,占65.82%。(6)在这158例患儿中,有3例患儿分别在使用哌拉西林钠他唑巴坦钠、头孢呋辛钠和脑蛋白水解物进行治疗后发生了严重的药物不良反应,占1.9%。(7)这158例患儿经对症治疗后,其不良反应均全部消失,其治愈率为100%。结论:儿童发生用药不良反应主要与其年龄、给药途径、药物种类等多种因素相关。因此,临床上在对儿童进行药物治疗的过程中要明确其适应证,严格遵循药品说明书为其用药,并为其选择合适的给药途径,从而避免或减少其发生用药不良反应。
[Abstract]:Objective: To investigate the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reactions in 158 children in a three a hospital. Methods: a retrospective analysis was made to the reports of adverse drug reactions in 158 children reported in a three a hospital in recent years. The sex, age, way of administration, types of medication, and involvement of the 158 cases of adverse drug reactions in these 158 cases were analyzed. The system (or organ), clinical manifestation, severity and prognosis of adverse reactions were observed and studied, and the regularity and characteristics of adverse drug reactions were summarized. Results: (1) among the 158 children, 84 cases and 74 cases of children with 1~3 years old were found to have the highest risk of adverse drug reactions. (2) Among these 158 children, there were the most adverse drug reactions in the children after intravenous infusion, and 138 cases, accounting for 87.34%. (3) in these 158 children, the highest risk of adverse drug reactions in the children treated with antibiotics was 46.34%. (4), leading to the main antibiotics of the adverse drug reactions in the 158 cases. The sporosporin (38.61%), macrolide (24.68%) and penicillins (15.19%). (5) in these 158 children, the most adverse reactions involving skin were found in 104 cases, accounting for 65.82%. (6) in these 158 children, and 3 were in the use of piperacillin sodium tazobactam sodium, cefuroxime sodium and brain protein hydrolysis, respectively. After the treatment, there was a serious adverse drug reaction, accounting for 1.9%. (7) of these 158 cases, after symptomatic treatment, all the adverse reactions were all disappeared, the cure rate was 100%. conclusion: Children's adverse drug reactions are mainly related to many factors such as age, way of administration, drug types and so on. Therefore, the children are treated by drug treatment in clinical. In the course of treatment, it is necessary to clarify its indications, strictly follow the drug instructions, and choose the appropriate way of Administration for it, so as to avoid or reduce the adverse drug reaction.
【作者单位】：江苏省徐州医科大学附属医院药学部;
【分类号】：R985

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