近代西方药学的传入及对中药学的影响
本文关键词：近代西方药学的传入及对中药学的影响，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
近代西方药学的传入及对中药学的影响
近代西方药学的传入及对中药学的影响
鸦片战争后,西方列强的侵略使我国的政治、经济、文化等发生了根本性的转变,西方药学也是紧随西方列强和传教士而来,作为一门科学技术,客观上它为中国人民提供了一种迅速有效的治疗策略;但同时它的传入及普及,对我国传统的中药学产生了巨大的冲击,甚至到了生死存亡的地步。鸦片战争后,西方的传教士陆续来到中国,他们通过在中国开办诊所、医院,开设洋行、药房及药厂,建立西医药学校,翻译出版西药书籍以及吸引中国留学生去国外学习等途径,将西方药学引入进来,并且使中国医药学者和人民逐渐接受。外国传教士传入西方药学的同时,清政府及医药界学者也效仿建立西医药学校、开办了药厂、编译及自编西药书籍,而且数量之多远远超过外国人所创办的。因为有了西药的确切疗效和特点作对比,人们渐渐看到中药诸多方面的不足;看到中国的落后、西方国家的发达,故不像传入之初那样排斥,而把西方药学作为一门先进的医疗措施、科学技术将其引入、研究、传播及普及。国人由早期被动接受到后来开始主动吸收、传播,也就是说一些中国医药学者代替了西方传教士在中国开始了传播西医药知识的工作。诚然,这样更容易使西医药知识在中国得到推广,使西方医药理论渗透到中国人的意识思维当中,这也是当初西方列强所期待的结果,进而便于倾销他们的商品。医药学者为了学习研究的渴求,人民群众出于治病疗疾的需要,使得鸦片战争后不久西药便以一种势不可挡的气势在我国传播开来。除了本身就学习西方医药学的学者外,一些中医药界的人士及人民群众对西药的关注也远大于中药,使中医药在中国一统天下的局面彻底被打破,将传统的中医药推向了生死存亡的边缘;但同时也刺激了中医药自身的革新完善,使一直沿袭的传统中医药理论发生了变革,出现了不同的思潮;西方药学的影响及留学归国药学家的共同努力,促成了中药书刊、团体的建立与发展及中药科学化研究,即中药界开始效仿西方,借助科学技术策略对中药开始了实验研究,而且随着研究领域的不同,中药学的学科分化显有雏形,出现了中药药理学、中药化学、中药鉴定学、中药制剂学、中药炮制学等学科分支。本文通过以下方面的探索,揭示了近代时期西方药学传入中国的历史过程及其对中药学产生的重要影响:1.搜集、查阅近代时期西方药学传入的相关资料,系统整理了药学传入的历史过程和具体情况,包括建立医院、学校、药厂,翻译药学书籍等。2.通过详细查阅近代中医药学的相关资料,归纳出中药学在近代发生的巨大变化,从而浅析浅析得出近代时期西方药学传入后对中药学的重要影响。最终通过上述研究,详述近代时期西方药学的传入史,明确其对中药学发展的重要影响。这不仅可以使我们明晰近代药学对中药学发展的影响,也有助于理解中药学的近况,从而为今后中药学的研究发展提供有益的借鉴。
【Abstract】 the importation of western medicine in modern times and its influences on Chinese material medicaThe invasion of western imperialism induced to the changes of China in politics ,economy and culture after the Opium War.Pharmacy followed western imperialism and missionaries to China.As a method of science and technology, pharmacy offered objectly fast and utility means of treatment for Chinese.But the same time, its importation and popularity in China leaded to huge impact on Chinese material medica, even to the perished situation.After the Opium War, western missionaries came to China in succession. They set up clinics,hospitals,foreign trades,drugstores and pharmaceutical factorys.They established colleges of western medicine and translated pharmacy books. They also attracted Chinese students studying abroad to learn western medicine.Through the above channels, pharmacy was imported to China and accepted gradually by Chinese scholars and people.When foreign missionaries imported pharmacy,the government of the Qing Dynasty and medical circle imitated western countries to establish colleges of western medicine and pharmaceutical factorys,translate and compile pharmacy books, whose quantities was more than that of wastern countries.Because Chinese had felt the shortcomings of TCM through being contrasted to the features and the real therapeutic effects of western medicine and also saw China lagging far behind western countries,they intrduced, studyed and popularized pharmacy as a kind of advanced medical treatment and technology instead of rejected it at the beginning.Some scholars popularized western medicine instead of missionaries, so it would make pharmacy easier to be spreaded in China.Certainly, that was the initial purpose of western imperialism who wanted western medicine to permeate the Chinese minds and then dumped their goods.Because the people’s need for treatment and the scholar’s hunger for study, pharmacy was imported quickly and fiercely to China after the Opium War.Besides those scholars themselves of learning western medicine,some scholars of TCM and people payed more attention to pharmacy than Traditional Chinese hebals.The influences which the importation of pharmacy were followed:that broke thoroughly the situation of the TCM’s dominant position;that changed the theory of TCM and created several different thoughts;under the common endeavour of pharmacologist homecoming and the influence of pharmacy,the books , periodicals and organizations about Traditional Chinese hebals were founded, Chinese hebals were researched by the methods of science and technology,the branchs of Chinese
【关键词】 近代； 药学； 中药学； 中外交流；【Key words】 in modern times； pharmacy； Chinese material medica； medical exchange between China and other countries；
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本文关键词：近代西方药学的传入及对中药学的影响，，由笔耕文化传播整理发布。
本文编号：202149
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