美国临床药学的发展与实践

发布时间：2018-07-20 19:05

【摘要】：目的:介绍美国临床药学的发展史及其实践领域的拓展。方法:简要总结20世纪美国临床药学发展史及其临床实践领域从住院部拓展到门诊,并描述临床药师的主要职责。结果与结论:美国临床药学的重心已从用药和药物调剂向"以患者为中心"、以提高用药安全和有效为目标的临床实践上倾斜。20世纪初,在大多数医院尚无雇佣药师时,一些药师中的有识之士就已开始参加患者监护查房。此后,出现了更多开创性临床实践模式,昭示着药学职业的巨大潜力。这一系列改变也催生了药学博士项目发展,将药师更好地培养为临床人员,运用其药学专长优化患者监护。虽然临床药学的进步并非一蹴而就和一帆风顺,但经过药师和专业组织的努力,临床药学发展方向发生转变,药师已成为多学科团队中不可或缺的一员。
[Abstract]:Objective: to introduce the history of clinical pharmacy in America and the expansion of its practical field. Methods: the history of American clinical pharmacy and its clinical practice in the 20th century were briefly summarized, and the main responsibilities of clinical pharmacists were described. Results & conclusion: the focus of clinical pharmacy in the United States has shifted from drug use and drug dispensing to "patient-centered" clinical practice aimed at improving the safety and effectiveness of drug use. At the beginning of the 20th century, pharmacists were not employed in most hospitals. Some pharmacists with insight have begun to participate in patient care rounds. Since then, more pioneering clinical practice models have emerged, revealing the great potential of the pharmaceutical profession. These changes have also led to the development of a Ph.D. program to better train pharmacists as clinicians and use their pharmacological expertise to optimize patient custody. Although the progress of clinical pharmacy is not overnight and smooth sailing, through the efforts of pharmacists and professional organizations, the development direction of clinical pharmacy has changed, pharmacists have become an indispensable member of the multidisciplinary team.
【作者单位】：内布拉斯加大学医学中心药学院临床药学系;四川大学华西第二医院药学部;四川大学华西第二医院循证药学中心;出生缺陷与相关妇儿疾病教育部重点实验室;四川大学华西药学院;
【分类号】：R95

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