国家药物政策的国际比较及启示

发布时间：2018-10-21 16:10

【摘要】：国家药物政策(National Medicine Policy,NMP)的概念由世界卫生组织在1975年第28届世界卫生大会上首次提出,是指由国家政府制定的,在一定时期内指导药品研发、生产、流通、使用、监管、教育培训的纲领性文件。文章介绍了NMP的起源和发展,并分析和比较了印度、南非、澳大利亚和加拿大4个国家NMP出台的背景、目标、内容、特点和利弊。从中总结出对中国制定NMP的有利经验:中国NMP的目标应包含增强药品的可及性、质量与合理使用,促进医药产业发展,推进中药发展的现代化。中国NMP应平衡健康与产业发展,重视利益相关方的协商机制,加大对罕见病药品的政策关注度,制定科学合理的定价采购和报销补偿机制,加强对药品上市后的监测与评价。
[Abstract]:The concept of National Drug Policy (National Medicine Policy,NMP) was first put forward by the World Health Organization at the 28th World Health Assembly in 1975. It refers to the development, production, circulation, use and supervision of drug development, production, circulation, use and supervision by the national government within a certain period of time. A programmatic document for education and training. This paper introduces the origin and development of NMP, and analyzes and compares the background, objectives, contents, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of NMP in India, South Africa, Australia and Canada. This paper summarizes the favorable experience for China to formulate NMP: the goal of NMP in China should include enhancing the accessibility, quality and rational use of drugs, promoting the development of pharmaceutical industry and promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. China's NMP should balance health and industry development, attach importance to the consultation mechanism of stakeholders, increase policy attention to rare disease drugs, establish scientific and reasonable pricing procurement and reimbursement mechanism, and strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of drugs after listing.
【作者单位】：复旦大学公共卫生学院/卫生部卫生技术评估重点实验室/国民健康社会风险预警协同创新中心;昆明医科大学公共卫生学院;
【基金】：国家卫生计生委法制司“国家药物制度发展战略取向研究”
【分类号】：R95

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