石墨烯纳米复合物材料的制备及其在药物传感中的应用

发布时间：2018-11-23 18:44

【摘要】：药物分析在药物质量控制中具有重要的作用,对人类健康有很大的影响,且绝大多数药物分子在电极上都具有电化学响应。电化学技术简便、准确、灵敏度高、检测限低,可以用于药物的分析检测。纳米材料具有独特的物理和化学性质,尤其是近年来发现的二维石墨烯材料,其具有比表面积大,热稳定性高,电子传导和机械性能良好等优点。以石墨烯氧化物为基底,制备不同的石墨烯纳米复合物材料作为电化学修饰剂,将其应用于构筑电化学传感器进行药物分析。因此,本文以石墨烯氧化物为基础,制备石墨烯纳米复合物材料,构筑不同的电化学传感器对药物进行检测,具体工作如下:1.以磺基水杨酸和石墨烯氧化物为原料,采用一步电化学还原法,即在聚合磺基水杨酸(PSA)的同时,还原石墨烯氧化物为石墨烯,用电化学方法检测对乙酰氨基酚。实验结果表明,得到的修饰电极(PSA/rGO/GCE)显著提高了对乙酰氨基酚的电催化活性。2.在微波辅助的条件下,采用聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)将石墨烯氧化物进行还原。在PDDA功能化的石墨烯表面,滴涂适量合成的DNA装配体(主要含有双螺旋和发夹结构),构筑PDDA-GN/DNA/GCE生物电化学传感器。此传感器可以显著提高甲硝唑的电催化响应,检测范围更宽,检测限更低,选择性和重复性良好。同时,此生物电化学传感器可以用于实际样品中甲硝唑的检测,并具有满意的效果。在电催化和生物传感方面具有很大的潜力。3.以麦芽糖和石墨烯氧化物为原料,通过水热合成法制备rGO/ML/GCE电化学传感器,应用此传感器对左氧氟沙星进行检测。实验结果表明,rGO/ML/GCE对于左氧氟沙星分子具有良好的催化作用,且检测范围较宽,检测限较低,重现性,稳定性和选择性良好等性能,可用于人体尿样和血清实际样品的检测。
[Abstract]:Drug analysis plays an important role in drug quality control, has a great impact on human health, and most drug molecules have electrochemical response on the electrode. Electrochemical technique is simple, accurate, sensitive and low detection limit. It can be used for analysis and detection of drugs. Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties, especially two-dimensional graphene materials, which have large specific surface area, high thermal stability, good electronic conductivity and good mechanical properties. Different graphene nanocomposites were prepared on graphene oxide as electrochemical modifiers and used to construct electrochemical sensors for drug analysis. Therefore, based on graphene oxide, graphene nanocomposites were prepared, and different electrochemical sensors were constructed to detect the drug. The main work is as follows: 1. Using sulfosalicylic acid and graphene oxide as raw materials, a one-step electrochemical reduction method was used, in which graphene oxide was reduced to graphene while sulfonsalicylic acid (PSA) was polymerized, and paracetamol was determined by electrochemical method. The experimental results showed that the modified electrode (PSA/rGO/GCE) significantly improved the electrocatalytic activity of paracetamol. 2. 2. Graphene oxide was reduced by polydiallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (PDDA) under microwave assisted condition. On the surface of PDDA functionalized graphene, the PDDA-GN/DNA/GCE biosensor was constructed by dripping a suitable amount of synthetic DNA assembly (mainly containing double helix and hairpin structure). The sensor can significantly improve the electrocatalytic response of metronidazole, with wider detection range, lower detection limit, better selectivity and repeatability. At the same time, the biosensor can be used for the determination of metronidazole in practical samples with satisfactory results. Has great potential in electrocatalysis and biosensor. RGO/ML/GCE electrochemical sensor was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis from maltose and graphene oxide. Levofloxacin was detected by this sensor. The experimental results show that rGO/ML/GCE has a good catalytic effect on levofloxacin molecule, and the detection range is wide, the detection limit is low, the reproducibility, stability and selectivity are good, and so on. It can be used for the detection of human urine and serum samples.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：R917;O657.1

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